Hormone and metabolite response to weight-lifting training sessions.

Eleven weight-trained athletes (age X +/- SD = 33 +/- 5 yrs, weight = 72 +/- 10 kg) with a maximal performance in bench press at the beginning of the study (116 +/- 19 kg) were studied at rest, after a standardized submaximal training session, and after a maximal session once a month for 4 months to study the blood metabolites and hormonal changes during weight lifting. The submaximal load was six series of eight bench presses at 70% of maximal performance presses, and the maximal load was the maximal number of repetitions at the same work load. The levels of several metabolites (lactate, glycerol, triglycerides, beta-OH-butyrate) and hormones (norepinephrine and epinephrine) increased (P less than 0.05) after submaximal work and more after maximal work. Glucose, FFA, acetoacetate, insulin, testosterone, and cortisol did not change significantly or consistently. Lactate after maximal work was higher after the 4th training month (P less than 0.05). Other variables did not change much with training while the maximal number of repetitions in the last series increased slightly (P less than 0.05). In general, the changes observed were smaller than the ones reported for endurance or interval running, which use larger muscle groups. Nevertheless, weight lifting induced changes in blood metabolites which reflect a mobilization of both carbohydrates and lipids stores for energy.