Common Ground: Primary Care and Specialty Clinicians' Perceptions of E-Consults in the Veterans Health Administration.

OBJECTIVE: The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) introduced electronic consultation (e-consult) to increase access to specialty care. The objective of this study was to understand perceptions of e-consults that may be relevant to increasing adoption in the VA.
METHODS: Deductive and inductive content analysis of semistructured qualitative telephone interviews with VA primary care practitioners (PCPs), specialists, and specialty division chiefs was performed. Participants were identified based on rates of e-consult in 2016 at the individual and facility level within primary care, hematology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology. Interview guide development was informed by the Practical, Robust, Implementation, and Sustainability (PRISM) framework.
RESULTS: We interviewed 35 PCPs and 25 specialists working in 36 facilities. Four themes emerged across both PCPs and specialists: (1) e-consults are best suited for certain types of clinical questions; (2) high-quality e-consults include complete background information from the requesting clinician and clear diagnostic or treatment recommendations from the responding clinician; (3) PCPs and specialists perceive e-consults as a novel opportunity to provide efficient, transparent care; and (4) lack of awareness of e-consults hinders adoption despite obvious benefits.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified themes that are informative for further adoption of high-quality e-consults in the VA. Educating PCPs and specialty practitioners about the benefits of e-consults, and providing support, such as lists of specialties available for e-consults at the facility are 2 such practices.