Henrique Lopes1, Alison McCallum2, Jose M Martin-Moreno3, John Middleton4,5. 1. Public Health Unit of the Institute of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Portugal. 2. Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh. 3. Medical School and INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Spain. 4. Wolverhampton University. 5. Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER).