Jonathan D Smirl1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, Dakota Peacock9, Joel S Burma10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17, Alexander D Wright10,9,18,19, Kevin J Bouliane10, Jill Dierijck10,20, Michael Kennefick10, Colin Wallace10, Paul van Donkelaar10. 1. Concussion Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Vancouver, BC, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 2. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 3. Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 4. Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 5. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 6. Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 7. Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 8. Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. jonathan.smirl@ucalgary.ca. 9. Southern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada. 10. Concussion Research Lab, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 11. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 12. Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. 13. Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 14. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 15. Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 16. Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 17. Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 18. MD/PhD Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 19. Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. 20. School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: There is growing concern repetitive head contacts sustained by soccer players may lead to long-term health ramifications. Therefore, this preliminary investigation examined the impact an acute soccer heading bout has on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) metrics. METHODS: In this preliminary investigation, 40 successful soccer headers were performed in 20 min by 7 male elite soccer players (24.1 ± 1.5 years). Soccer balls were launched at 77.5 ± 3.7 km/h from JUGS soccer machine, located 35 m away from participants. Linear and rotational head accelerations impacts were measured using an accelerometer (xPatch). The SCAT3 indexed concussion symptom score and severity before and after: soccer headers, sham (body contact only), and control conditions. Squat-stand maneuvers were performed at 0.05 Hz and 0.10 Hz to quantity dCA through measures of coherence, phase, and gain. RESULTS: Cumulative linear and rotational accelerations during soccer headers were 1574 ± 97.9 g and 313,761 ± 23,966 rads/s2, respectively. SCAT3 symptom severity was elevated after the soccer heading bout (pre 3.7 ± 3.6, post 9.4 ± 7.6: p = 0.030) and five of the seven participants reported an increase in concussion-like symptoms (pre: 2.6 ± 3.0, post: 6.7 ± 6.2; p = 0.078). Phase at 0.10 Hz was elevated following soccer heading (p = 0.008). No other dCA metric differed following the three conditions. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate an acute bout of soccer heading resulted in alterations to dCA metrics. Therefore, future research with larger sample sizes is warranted to fully comprehend short- and long-term physiological changes related to soccer heading.
OBJECTIVES: There is growing concern repetitive head contacts sustained by soccer players may lead to long-term health ramifications. Therefore, this preliminary investigation examined the impact an acute soccer heading bout has on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) metrics. METHODS: In this preliminary investigation, 40 successful soccer headers were performed in 20 min by 7 male elite soccer players (24.1 ± 1.5 years). Soccer balls were launched at 77.5 ± 3.7 km/h from JUGS soccer machine, located 35 m away from participants. Linear and rotational head accelerations impacts were measured using an accelerometer (xPatch). The SCAT3 indexed concussion symptom score and severity before and after: soccer headers, sham (body contact only), and control conditions. Squat-stand maneuvers were performed at 0.05 Hz and 0.10 Hz to quantity dCA through measures of coherence, phase, and gain. RESULTS: Cumulative linear and rotational accelerations during soccer headers were 1574 ± 97.9 g and 313,761 ± 23,966 rads/s2, respectively. SCAT3 symptom severity was elevated after the soccer heading bout (pre 3.7 ± 3.6, post 9.4 ± 7.6: p = 0.030) and five of the seven participants reported an increase in concussion-like symptoms (pre: 2.6 ± 3.0, post: 6.7 ± 6.2; p = 0.078). Phase at 0.10 Hz was elevated following soccer heading (p = 0.008). No other dCA metric differed following the three conditions. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate an acute bout of soccer heading resulted in alterations to dCA metrics. Therefore, future research with larger sample sizes is warranted to fully comprehend short- and long-term physiological changes related to soccer heading.
Authors: Philip N Ainslie; Carissa Murrell; Karen Peebles; Marianne Swart; Margot A Skinner; Michael J A Williams; Robin D Taylor Journal: Exp Physiol Date: 2007-03-23 Impact factor: 2.969
Authors: Samir S Shah; Rajendu Srivastava; Susan Wu; Jeffrey D Colvin; Derek J Williams; Shawn J Rangel; Waheeda Samady; Suchitra Rao; Christopher Miller; Cynthia Cross; Caitlin Clohessy; Matthew Hall; Russell Localio; Matthew Bryan; Gong Wu; Ron Keren Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2016-11-17 Impact factor: 7.124