Caitlin E Martin1,2, Bhushan Thakkar1, DaShaunda D H Taylor3,4, Derek A Chapman3,4. 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. 2. Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. 3. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA. 4. Center on Society and Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Abstract
Objectives: (1) Report sex-specific prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test positivity among an opioid use disorder (OUD) cohort (2) Assess sex-specific rates of opioid overdose and mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on all adult patients with OUD who received a COVID-19 test in calendar year 2020 at a large academic medical center in Richmond, Virginia. Our study outcomes were positive COVID-19 test, opioid overdose, and all-cause in-hospital mortality. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression assessed sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 test positivity. Results: A total of 2,600 patients (males = 1,294, females = 1,306) with OUD received a COVID-19 test. Approximately 5% across both sexes tested positive for COVID-19 (p = 0.420), whereas 7% presented with an opioid overdose (males 10%; females 4%; p < 0.0001). However, mortality rates were similar across sex. Among males, individuals in the other racial group had increased odds of COVID-19 test positivity (adjusted odds ratio or AOR: 5.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-14.88), whereas black females had higher odds of COVID-19 test positivity (AOR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.62) compared to their white counterparts. Conclusions: Opioid overdose, more often than COVID-19, impacted the health of patients with OUD presenting to a public safety net health system. Despite a female advantage documented in the general population for COVID-19 susceptibility, COVID-19 test positivity rates were similar across sex in an OUD cohort; yet, racial disparities emerged with notable sex-related variation. Sex and gender are important variables that modify health outcomes, including OUD and COVID-19, and should be further investigated using an intersectionality framework.
Objectives: (1) Report sex-specific prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test positivity among an opioid use disorder (OUD) cohort (2) Assess sex-specific rates of opioid overdose and mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on all adult patients with OUD who received a COVID-19 test in calendar year 2020 at a large academic medical center in Richmond, Virginia. Our study outcomes were positive COVID-19 test, opioid overdose, and all-cause in-hospital mortality. Sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression assessed sociodemographic factors associated with COVID-19 test positivity. Results: A total of 2,600 patients (males = 1,294, females = 1,306) with OUD received a COVID-19 test. Approximately 5% across both sexes tested positive for COVID-19 (p = 0.420), whereas 7% presented with an opioid overdose (males 10%; females 4%; p < 0.0001). However, mortality rates were similar across sex. Among males, individuals in the other racial group had increased odds of COVID-19 test positivity (adjusted odds ratio or AOR: 5.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-14.88), whereas black females had higher odds of COVID-19 test positivity (AOR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.62) compared to their white counterparts. Conclusions: Opioid overdose, more often than COVID-19, impacted the health of patients with OUD presenting to a public safety net health system. Despite a female advantage documented in the general population for COVID-19 susceptibility, COVID-19 test positivity rates were similar across sex in an OUD cohort; yet, racial disparities emerged with notable sex-related variation. Sex and gender are important variables that modify health outcomes, including OUD and COVID-19, and should be further investigated using an intersectionality framework.
Entities:
Keywords:
coronavirus/COVID-19; gender differences; substance-related and addictive disorders
Authors: Joanne Michelle D Gomez; Jeanne M Du-Fay-de-Lavallaz; Setri Fugar; Alexandra Sarau; J Alan Simmons; Brian Clark; Rupa M Sanghani; Neelum T Aggarwal; Kim A Williams; Rami Doukky; Annabelle Santos Volgman Journal: J Womens Health (Larchmt) Date: 2021-04-07 Impact factor: 2.681
Authors: Hude Quan; Vijaya Sundararajan; Patricia Halfon; Andrew Fong; Bernard Burnand; Jean-Christophe Luthi; L Duncan Saunders; Cynthia A Beck; Thomas E Feasby; William A Ghali Journal: Med Care Date: 2005-11 Impact factor: 2.983
Authors: Tamara Rushovich; Marion Boulicault; Jarvis T Chen; Ann Caroline Danielsen; Amelia Tarrant; Sarah S Richardson; Heather Shattuck-Heidorn Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2021-04-05 Impact factor: 5.128
Authors: Takehiro Takahashi; Mallory K Ellingson; Patrick Wong; Benjamin Israelow; Carolina Lucas; Jon Klein; Julio Silva; Tianyang Mao; Ji Eun Oh; Maria Tokuyama; Peiwen Lu; Arvind Venkataraman; Annsea Park; Feimei Liu; Amit Meir; Jonathan Sun; Eric Y Wang; Arnau Casanovas-Massana; Anne L Wyllie; Chantal B F Vogels; Rebecca Earnest; Sarah Lapidus; Isabel M Ott; Adam J Moore; Albert Shaw; John B Fournier; Camila D Odio; Shelli Farhadian; Charles Dela Cruz; Nathan D Grubaugh; Wade L Schulz; Aaron M Ring; Albert I Ko; Saad B Omer; Akiko Iwasaki Journal: Nature Date: 2020-08-26 Impact factor: 49.962