Dementia care in Nepalese old age homes: Critical challenges as perceived by healthcare professionals.

AIM: To explore and describe critical challenges in current dementia care practice as perceived by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in old age homes (OAHs) in Kathmandu, Nepal.
BACKGROUND: In Nepal, the number of older people with dementia is rapidly rising, and there is a need for knowledge of how to provide quality dementia care in OAHs.
METHODS: An exploratory hermeneutic design, employing qualitative interviews with eleven HCPs caring for residents with dementia in a total of five OAHs.
FINDINGS: The analysis showed that HCPs found limited educational training in dementia-specific care to be a critical challenge leading to reduced quality in caregiving practice. Insufficient HCP competence in dementia-specific care undermined adequate coping with residents' cognitive disturbances and the behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD). Poor HCP/medical doctor (MD)-to-patient ratio was perceived as a critical challenge preventing proper diagnostic examination, treatment and dementia-specific care practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Limited educational training, sparse competence in mastering residents' cognitive disturbances and BPSD, and insufficient resources to ensure sufficient numbers of HCPs and MDs for proper diagnostic examination, treatment and dementia-specific care were identified as critical challenges restricting quality dementia care in these Nepalese OAHs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The study findings indicate a need for a clear Nepalese policy and a national plan for dementia care in OAHs that includes strategies for HCP educational training and how to provide resources to ensure a sufficient workforce of HCPs and MDs for proper diagnostic examination, treatment and dementia-specific care.