Objective monitoring for safe tissue expansion.

The high incidence of complications during tissue expansion may be related to overexpansion with subsequent tissue necrosis and implant extrusion. Subjective parameters such as pain or capillary fill may be poor guidelines for determining the end point of a given session of expansion. In an attempt to rectify this problem, we have shown in a prospective study of eight consecutive patients that noninvasive objective monitoring utilizing transcutaneous measured oxygen levels, local perfusion, and implant pressures allowed us to quickly and safely expand each patient. Although perhaps cumbersome for routine use, this system proved valuable in complicated situations where subjective parameters could not be observed.