I Otel1, K Dias2, R Pereira3, M Fonseca4, A P Jesus1, A Mata5, V Vassilenko1, J M Silveira5, S Pessanha6. 1. NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal. 2. NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal. 3. Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal. 4. NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal; HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab/University Lusófona, Portugal. 5. LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Professora Teresa Ambrósio, 1600-277, Lisboa, Portugal. 6. NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; LIBPhys - Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics, Portugal. Electronic address: sofia.pessanha@fct.unl.pt.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evaluating the protective effect in human enamel of a fluorinated varnish after enduring a citric acid erosive challenge. METHODS: An in vitro model was developed considering the intraoral environment, human saliva and acid erosive procedures. The evaluation of the enamel specimens was undertaken through the direct analysis of enamel by means of Raman spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Ten tooth specimens per group were analysed during three stages: 1- before treatment; 2- After varnish (treatment group) or toothpaste (control) application; 3- After citric acid cycle. Additionally, Particle Induced Gamma Ray emission (PIGE) was used to gauge the fluorine uptake by enamel after the application of the varnish (stage 2). Results were presented as mean and standard deviation with ANOVA and Tukey post hoc performed considering a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: A significant (p < 0.05) higher Ca levels were detected in treatment group at stage 2 (37.4 ± 0.4 w/w%) and 3 (37.1 ± 0.1) when compared to the control group. After varnish application in treatment group, depolarization ratios were significant lower (p < 0.05) and anisotropy were significant higher (p < 0.05), however no differences were detected in FWHM. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a fluorinated dental varnish suggests a protective effect for human enamel against dental erosion demineralization process which was detectable in an in vitro model.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evaluating the protective effect in human enamel of a fluorinated varnish after enduring a citric acid erosive challenge. METHODS: An in vitro model was developed considering the intraoral environment, human saliva and acid erosive procedures. The evaluation of the enamel specimens was undertaken through the direct analysis of enamel by means of Raman spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Ten tooth specimens per group were analysed during three stages: 1- before treatment; 2- After varnish (treatment group) or toothpaste (control) application; 3- After citric acid cycle. Additionally, Particle Induced Gamma Ray emission (PIGE) was used to gauge the fluorine uptake by enamel after the application of the varnish (stage 2). Results were presented as mean and standard deviation with ANOVA and Tukey post hoc performed considering a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: A significant (p < 0.05) higher Ca levels were detected in treatment group at stage 2 (37.4 ± 0.4 w/w%) and 3 (37.1 ± 0.1) when compared to the control group. After varnish application in treatment group, depolarization ratios were significant lower (p < 0.05) and anisotropy were significant higher (p < 0.05), however no differences were detected in FWHM. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a fluorinated dental varnish suggests a protective effect for human enamel against dental erosion demineralization process which was detectable in an in vitro model.