Hanife Ece Erik1, Merve Colaklar1, Egemen Yildiz2, Aişe Esra Gülçek2, Bilgin Percin3, Cağlar Aktas4, Cağrı Özbeyaz5, Fati Gözde Sebnem Tokmak5, Mervenur Demir Çuha6, Mustafa Doğru7, Polat Ercan8, Aslı Kuzu9, Deniz Aral Özbek8, Eda Dölek9, Fadime Eda Koç10, Büşra Solak11, Mahmut Yardım1, Hilal Özcebe1. 1. Department of Public Health, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences Sultan 2 Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. 3. Family Medicine, Ceylanpınar Family Health Center, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konya State Hospital, Konya, Turkey. 5. Department of Public Health, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 6. Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 7. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 8. Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 9. Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 10. Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 11. Department of Dermatological and Venereal Diseases, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Movies are among the most widely used media for advertising, promotional, and sponsorship activities of the tobacco industry, and the industry has been making huge investments in this sector for many years. In this study, the effects of movie scenes depicting the use of tobacco products, and the possible effects of the laws governing such scenes, were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 50 films, the first 2 of which were the most watched each year, between the years 1992 and 2016, according to the data of the Center for Turkish Cinema Studies and the boxofficeturkiye.com websites. The scenes depicting the use of tobacco products were analyzed using the data collection form developed by the researchers. Each movie was evaluated separately by 2 researchers. RESULTS: A tobacco product was used in 82% of the 50 films watched. Men (87%), individuals between the ages of 25 and 64 (78.0%), and leading actors (40%) used more tobacco products, and the most frequently used product was the cigarette (93.1%). The number andduration of scenes containing tobacco was greater by 1.6 times before the first law was passed, and between the passage of the first law and the passage of the second law (P > .05, P > .05). The number and duration of the scenes decreased between the passage of the first and the second laws and after the second law was passed, by 3.6 and 5.3 times, respectively (P < .05, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Consistent and comprehensive tobacco control policies have been effective in reducing the number of scenes that contain tobacco in the movies produced in Turkey. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is required to overcome the tobacco industry's impact on cinema.
OBJECTIVE: Movies are among the most widely used media for advertising, promotional, and sponsorship activities of the tobacco industry, and the industry has been making huge investments in this sector for many years. In this study, the effects of movie scenes depicting the use of tobacco products, and the possible effects of the laws governing such scenes, were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample of the study consisted of 50 films, the first 2 of which were the most watched each year, between the years 1992 and 2016, according to the data of the Center for Turkish Cinema Studies and the boxofficeturkiye.com websites. The scenes depicting the use of tobacco products were analyzed using the data collection form developed by the researchers. Each movie was evaluated separately by 2 researchers. RESULTS: A tobacco product was used in 82% of the 50 films watched. Men (87%), individuals between the ages of 25 and 64 (78.0%), and leading actors (40%) used more tobacco products, and the most frequently used product was the cigarette (93.1%). The number andduration of scenes containing tobacco was greater by 1.6 times before the first law was passed, and between the passage of the first law and the passage of the second law (P > .05, P > .05). The number and duration of the scenes decreased between the passage of the first and the second laws and after the second law was passed, by 3.6 and 5.3 times, respectively (P < .05, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Consistent and comprehensive tobacco control policies have been effective in reducing the number of scenes that contain tobacco in the movies produced in Turkey. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach is required to overcome the tobacco industry's impact on cinema.