Guohua Zeng1, Wen Zhong1, Giorgio Mazzon2, Simon Choong3, Margaret Pearle4, Madhu Agrawal5, Cesare M Scoffone6, Cristian Fiori7, Mehmet I Gökce8, Wayne Lam9, Kremena Petkova10, Kubilay Sabuncu11, Nariman Gadzhiev12, Amelia Pietropaolo13, Esteban Emiliani14, Kemal Sarica15. 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology, First affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 2. Department of Urology, San Bassiano Hospital, Vicenza, Italy. 3. Institute of Urology, University College Hospital, London, UK. 4. Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. 5. Department of Urology, Centre for Minimally Invasive Endourology, Global Rainbow Healthcare, Agra, India. 6. Department of Urology, Cottolengo Hospital of Torino, Torino, Italy. 7. Department of Urology, AOU San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Torino, Italy. 8. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. 9. Division of Urology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China. 10. Department of Urology and Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria. 11. Department of Urology, Karacabey State Hospital, Karacabey-Bursa, Turkey. 12. Department of Urology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Russia. 13. Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK. 14. Department of Urology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 15. Department of Urology, Biruni University, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey - saricakemal@gmail.com.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) would like to release the latest guideline on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and provide a clinical framework for surgeons peforming PCNLs. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: These recommendations were collected and appraised from a systematic review and assessment of the literature covering all aspects of PCNLs from the PubMed database between 01/01/1976 to 31/07/2021. Each generated recommendation was graded using a modified GRADE methodology. The quality of the evidence was graded using a classification system modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: 47 recommendations were summarized and graded, which covered the following issues, indications and contraindications, stone complexity evaluation, preoperative imagings, antibiotic strategy, management of antithrombotic therapy, anesthesia, position, puncture, tracts, dilation, lithotripsy, intraoperative evaluation of residual stones, exit strategy, postoperative imagings and stone-free status evaluation, complications. CONCLUSIONS: The present guideline on PCNL was the first in the IAU series of urolithiasis management guidelines. The recommendations, tips and tricks across the PCNL procedures would provide adequate guidance for urologists peforming PCNLs, therefore to ensure safety and efficiency in PCNLs.
INTRODUCTION: The International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) would like to release the latest guideline on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and provide a clinical framework for surgeons peforming PCNLs. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: These recommendations were collected and appraised from a systematic review and assessment of the literature covering all aspects of PCNLs from the PubMed database between 01/01/1976 to 31/07/2021. Each generated recommendation was graded using a modified GRADE methodology. The quality of the evidence was graded using a classification system modified from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: 47 recommendations were summarized and graded, which covered the following issues, indications and contraindications, stone complexity evaluation, preoperative imagings, antibiotic strategy, management of antithrombotic therapy, anesthesia, position, puncture, tracts, dilation, lithotripsy, intraoperative evaluation of residual stones, exit strategy, postoperative imagings and stone-free status evaluation, complications. CONCLUSIONS: The present guideline on PCNL was the first in the IAU series of urolithiasis management guidelines. The recommendations, tips and tricks across the PCNL procedures would provide adequate guidance for urologists peforming PCNLs, therefore to ensure safety and efficiency in PCNLs.