N G Harnett1,2, N M Dumornay1, M Delity1, L D Sanchez3,4, K Mohiuddin5, P I Musey6, M J Seamon7, S A McLean8,9, R C Kessler10, K C Koenen11, F L Beaudoin12, L A M Lebois1,2, S J H van Rooij13, N A Sampson10, V Michopoulos13, J L Maples-Keller13, J P Haran14, A B Storrow15, C Lewandowski16, P L Hendry17, S Sheikh17, C W Jones18, B E Punches19,20, M C Kurz21,22,23, R A Swor24, M E McGrath25, L A Hudak26, J L Pascual27,28, S L House29, X An30, J S Stevens31, T C Neylan32, T Jovanovic33, S D Linnstaedt30, L T Germine2,34, E M Datner35,36, A M Chang37, C Pearson38, D A Peak39, R C Merchant3, R M Domeier40, N K Rathlev41, B J O'Neil38, P Sergot42, S E Bruce43, M W Miller44,45, R H Pietrzak46,47, J Joormann48, D M Barch49, D A Pizzagalli1,2, J F Sheridan50,51, J W Smoller52,53, B Luna54, S E Harte55,56, J M Elliott57,58,59, K J Ressler1,2. 1. Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA02478, USA. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA. 3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA02115, USA. 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19141, USA. 6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202, USA. 7. Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA19104, USA. 8. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27559, USA. 9. Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27559, USA. 10. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115, USA. 11. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA02115, USA. 12. Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI02930, USA. 13. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30332, USA. 14. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA01655, USA. 15. Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232, USA. 16. Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI48202, USA. 17. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL32209, USA. 18. Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ08103, USA. 19. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267, USA. 20. College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45221, USA. 21. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL35294, USA. 22. Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL35294, USA. 23. Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35294, USA. 24. Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI48309, USA. 25. Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA02118, USA. 26. Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30329, USA. 27. Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA19104, USA. 28. Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA19104, USA. 29. Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63130, USA. 30. Department of Anesthesiology, Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27559, USA. 31. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30329, USA. 32. Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143, USA. 33. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI48202, USA. 34. Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA02478, USA. 35. Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Pennsylvania, PA19141, USA. 36. Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Pennsylvania, PA19107, USA. 37. Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Pennsylvania, PA19107, USA. 38. Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MA48202, USA. 39. Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114, USA. 40. Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI48197, USA. 41. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA01107, USA. 42. Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX77030, USA. 43. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63121, USA. 44. National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA02130, USA. 45. Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA02118, USA. 46. National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT06516, USA. 47. Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT06510, USA. 48. Department of Psychology, Yale University, West Haven, CT06520, USA. 49. Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130, USA. 50. Department of Biosciences, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH43210, USA. 51. Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH43211, USA. 52. Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114, USA. 53. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA02142, USA. 54. Affiliation Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center - Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA15213, USA. 55. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA. 56. Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA. 57. The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales2065, Australia. 58. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales2006, Australia. 59. Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60208, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. METHODS: As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants (n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. RESULTS: Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.
BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic groups in the USA differ in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research however has not observed consistent racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic stress in the early aftermath of trauma, suggesting that such differences in chronic PTSD rates may be related to differences in recovery over time. METHODS: As part of the multisite, longitudinal AURORA study, we investigated racial/ethnic differences in PTSD and related outcomes within 3 months after trauma. Participants (n = 930) were recruited from emergency departments across the USA and provided periodic (2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 3 months after trauma) self-report assessments of PTSD, depression, dissociation, anxiety, and resilience. Linear models were completed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic dysfunction with subsequent follow-up models assessing potential effects of prior life stressors. RESULTS: Racial/ethnic groups did not differ in symptoms over time; however, Black participants showed reduced posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms overall compared to Hispanic participants and White participants. Racial/ethnic differences were not attenuated after accounting for differences in sociodemographic factors. However, racial/ethnic differences in depression and anxiety were no longer significant after accounting for greater prior trauma exposure and childhood emotional abuse in White participants. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest prior differences in previous trauma exposure partially mediate the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttraumatic depression and anxiety symptoms following a recent trauma. Our findings further demonstrate that racial/ethnic groups show similar rates of symptom recovery over time. Future work utilizing longer time-scale data is needed to elucidate potential racial/ethnic differences in long-term symptom trajectories.
Authors: Kameron J Sheats; Shalon M Irving; Jim A Mercy; Thomas R Simon; Alex E Crosby; Derek C Ford; Melissa T Merrick; Francis B Annor; Rachel E Morgan Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2018-08-20 Impact factor: 5.043
Authors: Katie A McLaughlin; Karestan C Koenen; Evelyn J Bromet; Elie G Karam; Howard Liu; Maria Petukhova; Ayelet Meron Ruscio; Nancy A Sampson; Dan J Stein; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola; Jordi Alonso; Guilherme Borges; Koen Demyttenaere; Rumyana V Dinolova; Finola Ferry; Silvia Florescu; Giovanni de Girolamo; Oye Gureje; Norito Kawakami; Sing Lee; Fernando Navarro-Mateu; Marina Piazza; Beth-Ellen Pennell; José Posada-Villa; Margreet Ten Have; Maria Carmen Viana; Ronald C Kessler Journal: Br J Psychiatry Date: 2017-09-21 Impact factor: 9.319
Authors: Claire M Bird; E Kate Webb; Andrew T Schramm; Lucas Torres; Christine Larson; Terri A deRoon-Cassini Journal: J Trauma Stress Date: 2021-03-14
Authors: Elizabeth R Steuber; Antonia V Seligowski; Alyssa R Roeckner; Mariam Reda; Lauren A M Lebois; Sanne J H van Rooij; Vishnu P Murty; Timothy D Ely; Steven E Bruce; Stacey L House; Francesca L Beaudoin; Xinming An; Donglin Zeng; Thomas C Neylan; Gari D Clifford; Sarah D Linnstaedt; Laura T Germine; Scott L Rauch; Christopher Lewandowski; Sophia Sheikh; Christopher W Jones; Brittany E Punches; Robert A Swor; Meghan E McGrath; Lauren A Hudak; Jose L Pascual; Anna M Chang; Claire Pearson; David A Peak; Robert M Domeier; Brian J O'Neil; Niels K Rathlev; Leon D Sanchez; Robert H Pietrzak; Jutta Joormann; Deanna M Barch; Diego A Pizzagalli; James M Elliott; Ronald C Kessler; Karestan C Koenen; Samuel A McLean; Kerry J Ressler; Tanja Jovanovic; Nathaniel G Harnett; Jennifer S Stevens Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2021-07-14 Impact factor: 5.250
Authors: Nora D Volkow; George F Koob; Robert T Croyle; Diana W Bianchi; Joshua A Gordon; Walter J Koroshetz; Eliseo J Pérez-Stable; William T Riley; Michele H Bloch; Kevin Conway; Bethany G Deeds; Gayathri J Dowling; Steven Grant; Katia D Howlett; John A Matochik; Glen D Morgan; Margaret M Murray; Antonio Noronha; Catherine Y Spong; Eric M Wargo; Kenneth R Warren; Susan R B Weiss Journal: Dev Cogn Neurosci Date: 2017-10-10 Impact factor: 6.464