Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira1,2,3, Frederico Sander Mansur Machado4, Isabella Rocha-Dias2,3, Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães2,3, Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa2,3, Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas5,6,7,8. 1. Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Bairro Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil. 2. Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. 3. Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. 4. Physical Education and Sport Department, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. 5. Department of Physical Education, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Rodovia MGT 367 - Km 583, nº 5000, Bairro Alto da Jacuba, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil. rcassilhas@yahoo.com.br. 6. Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. rcassilhas@yahoo.com.br. 7. Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. rcassilhas@yahoo.com.br. 8. Post Graduation Program in Health Science (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brasil. rcassilhas@yahoo.com.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is a global disease that affects the physical and mental health of people of all ages. Non-pharmacological and unconventional methods of treatment, such as regular physical exercise, have been recommended to treat depression. METHODS: Here, we briefly review the literature about the physiological and molecular mechanisms of exercise antidepressants in depressive-like behavior in animal models of depression. RESULTS: The main hysiological and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in depression include blood flow changes in several areas of the brain, increase in brain serotonin synthesis, increase in antioxidant enzymes, increase in serum and brain brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) levels, decrease in cortisol levels and reduced inflammation in peripheral and brain tissues. Physical exercise also leads to increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), PGC-1α/FNDC5/Irisin pathway, BDNF concentrations (serum and cerebral), extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP-response element binding protein (mainly in neurons of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), which together contribute to fight or inhibit the development of depression symptoms. These molecular and physiological mechanisms work in synchrony, further enhancing their effects. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise can be used as a safe and effective non-pharmacological treatment in depression.
BACKGROUND: Depression is a global disease that affects the physical and mental health of people of all ages. Non-pharmacological and unconventional methods of treatment, such as regular physical exercise, have been recommended to treat depression. METHODS: Here, we briefly review the literature about the physiological and molecular mechanisms of exercise antidepressants in depressive-like behavior in animal models of depression. RESULTS: The main hysiological and molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in depression include blood flow changes in several areas of the brain, increase in brain serotonin synthesis, increase in antioxidant enzymes, increase in serum and brain brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) levels, decrease in cortisol levels and reduced inflammation in peripheral and brain tissues. Physical exercise also leads to increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), PGC-1α/FNDC5/Irisin pathway, BDNF concentrations (serum and cerebral), extracellular signal-regulated kinase and cAMP-response element binding protein (mainly in neurons of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex), which together contribute to fight or inhibit the development of depression symptoms. These molecular and physiological mechanisms work in synchrony, further enhancing their effects. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise can be used as a safe and effective non-pharmacological treatment in depression.
Authors: Eleni Pitsillou; Sarah M Bresnehan; Evan A Kagarakis; Stevano J Wijoyo; Julia Liang; Andrew Hung; Tom C Karagiannis Journal: Mol Biol Rep Date: 2019-10-14 Impact factor: 2.316