| Literature DB >> 35080160 |
Fang Shi1, Dan Shou2, Micong Jin3, Hongwei Wang4, Xuguang Chen5, Yan Zhu6.
Abstract
Nowadays, anesthetics are widely used in fishery production processes, such as fish breeding, surgery, and fresh aquatic product transportation. Because of the widespread application of anesthetic drugs in aquatic products, there is an increasing demand for the rapid and sensitive detection of anesthetic drugs in aquatic products. The complex aquatic product matrix contains a variety of interfering substances, such as proteins, fats, and phospholipids, along with anesthetic drug residues at very low concentrations; therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate pretreatment methods for improving the sensitivity of detection. In this study, a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) method, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography, was established for the simultaneous detection of seven anesthetic drugs in aquatic products, viz. procaine, oxybuprocaine, tricaine, eugenol, methyl eugenol, isoeugenol, and methyl isoeugenol. For the DSPE step, pretreatment conditions, such as extraction solvent, extraction time, adsorbent amount, and DMSO dosage, were optimized. Sample pretreatment is a three-step process. First, in ultrasound-assisted extraction, 2.0 g samples were extracted using 10.0 mL 1.0% formic acid in acetonitrile under ultrasound conditions for 10 min. Then, DSPE was performed with mixed adsorbents: the solvent extracts were cleaned using 20 mg poly(styrene-glycidylmethacrylate) microspheres (PS-GMA), 50 mg primary secondary amines (PSA), and 10 mg C18, followed by separation by centrifugation. Finally, DMSO-assisted concentration was applied: the organic layer was collected and was dried at 40 ℃ in a N2 stream with 100 μL DMSO. Water was added to the residue to obtain a final volume of 1.0 mL for HPLC analysis. The seven anesthetic drugs were separated on a Welch welchrom C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution using methanol and 0.05% formic acid in 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution as mobile phases. The detection wavelengths were 235, 260, and 290 nm. Two matrix matching standard curves for fish and shrimp were applied for quantitative analysis. Under optimized conditions, the seven target anesthetics showed good linear relationships in their respective concentration ranges (R2>0.999), with the limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.011 to 0.043 mg/kg. In fish samples, the mean recoveries obtained at three concentration levels were between 79.7% and 109%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) being less than 7.2%. In shrimp samples, mean recoveries were 78.0%-99.9%, with RSDs being less than 8.3%. This simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive method can be applied to the detection of three kinds of aminobenzoic acid esters and four kinds of eugenol anesthetic drugs in aquatic products.Entities:
Keywords: anesthetic drugs; aquatic products; dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE); high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35080160 PMCID: PMC9404131 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2021.08002
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
图1样品前处理流程示意图
图2PS-GMA微球的SEM图
图3(a)提取溶剂种类和(b)乙腈中甲酸的体积分数对目标物回收率的影响(n=3)
图4超声提取时间对目标物回收率的影响(n=3)
图5(a)吸附剂种类和(b)PS-GMA用量对目标物 回收率的影响(n=3)
图6氮吹浓缩过程中DMSO添加量对目标物回收率的影响(n=3)
7种麻醉剂的线性方程、定量限、检出限和基质效应
| Analyte | Linear range/(mg/L) | Matrix | Linear equation | R2 | LOD/(mg/kg) | LOQ/(mg/kg) | ME/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procaine | 0.05-10.0 | fish | Y=0.9383X+0.0028 | 0.9999 | 0.011 | 0.036 | -2.04 |
| shrimp | Y=0.9332X-0.0097 | 0.9997 | 0.011 | 0.037 | -2.57 | ||
| Oxybuprocaine | 0.10-10.0 | fish | Y=0.4977X-0.0106 | 0.9998 | 0.024 | 0.082 | +0.24 |
| shrimp | Y=0.4930X-0.0249 | 0.9991 | 0.025 | 0.084 | -0.70 | ||
| Tricaine | 0.10-10.0 | fish | Y=0.5702X+0.0085 | 0.9999 | 0.023 | 0.077 | -0.75 |
| shrimp | Y=0.5681X+0.0144 | 0.9992 | 0.024 | 0.080 | -1.12 | ||
| Eugenol | 0.10-10.0 | fish | Y=0.4011X-0.0052 | 0.9998 | 0.033 | 0.109 | -3.02 |
| shrimp | Y=0.4036X-0.0253 | 0.9996 | 0.034 | 0.113 | -2.42 | ||
| Isoeugenol | 0.05-10.0 | fish | Y=1.0784X+0.0371 | 0.9995 | 0.013 | 0.044 | -8.97 |
| shrimp | Y=1.1077X+0.0393 | 0.9994 | 0.013 | 0.043 | -6.50 | ||
| Methyl eugenol | 0.20-10.0 | fish | Y=0.4086X-0.0265 | 0.9998 | 0.043 | 0.142 | -7.96 |
| shrimp | Y=0.4147X-0.0224 | 0.9997 | 0.043 | 0.144 | -6.18 | ||
| Methyl isoeugenol | 0.10-10.0 | fish | Y=0.9359X-0.0715 | 0.9993 | 0.021 | 0.070 | -11.3 |
| shrimp | Y=0.9569X-0.0586 | 0.9992 | 0.021 | 0.071 | -9.32 |
R2: correlation coefficient; Y: peak area; X: mass concentration, mg/L.
图 7空白加标样品和7种麻醉剂混合标样的液相色谱图
本方法与已经报道的水产品中麻醉剂检测方法的比较
| Sample | Analyte | Analytical | Preparation | Preparation | Preparation | V(organic | LOD/ | Reference |
| Tilapia | eugenol | HPLC-UV | LLE | 51 | 12 | 26 | 30 | [ |
| Ietalurus punetaus | eugenol | HPLC-UV | lyophilization | >63 | 18 | 16 | 45 | [ |
| Aquatic products | six anesthetics | HPLC-UV | QuEChERS-SPE | >31 | 19 | 45 | 60 | [ |
| Fish and shrimp | seven anesthetics | HPLC-UV | DSPE | 24 | 8 | 10 | 11-43 | this work |
LLE: liquid-liquid extraction; DSPE: dispersive solid phase extraction.
鱼肉和对虾空白样品在3个水平下的加标回收率和精密度(n=5)
| Analyte | Spiked/ | Fish | Shrimp | Batch-to-batch | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recovery/ | Intra-day | Inter-day | Recovery/ | Intra-day | Inter-day | ||||
| Procaine | 0.2 | 79.7 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 82.0 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 6.3 | |
| 0.5 | 89.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 87.2 | 2.3 | 2.6 | |||
| 1.0 | 89.1 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 86.9 | 2.7 | 3.0 | |||
| Oxybuprocaine | 0.2 | 89.8 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 93.9 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 2.1 | |
| 0.5 | 91.5 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 90.2 | 3.3 | 5.0 | |||
| 1.0 | 89.6 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 89.0 | 3.9 | 4.4 | |||
| Tricaine | 0.2 | 83.5 | 5.1 | 2.6 | 78.0 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 5.0 | |
| 0.5 | 88.3 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 84.2 | 2.6 | 6.3 | |||
| 1.0 | 85.4 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 86.7 | 3.5 | 6.0 | |||
| Eugenol | 0.2 | 91.2 | 6.8 | 2.7 | 83.2 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 6.7 | |
| 0.5 | 89.1 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 85.4 | 2.6 | 5.4 | |||
| 1.0 | 89.2 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 91.2 | 1.7 | 4.6 | |||
| Isoeugenol | 0.2 | 84.7 | 4.2 | 7.2 | 94.8 | 3.2 | 8.2 | 4.3 | |
| 0.5 | 82.1 | 3.1 | 5.6 | 85.8 | 3.2 | 5.4 | |||
| 1.0 | 84.5 | 1.9 | 6.1 | 96.5 | 2.0 | 7.0 | |||
| Methyl eugenol | 0.2 | 109.0 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 99.9 | 6.0 | 8.1 | 6.2 | |
| 0.5 | 101.0 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 98.0 | 2.5 | 3.8 | |||
| 1.0 | 94.1 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 95.0 | 1.3 | 5.1 | |||
| Methyl isoeugenol | 0.2 | 106.0 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 93.0 | 6.7 | 3.1 | 5.3 | |
| 0.5 | 96.4 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 96.6 | 2.9 | 8.3 | |||
| 1.0 | 92.7 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 93.8 | 1.2 | 5.3 | |||