| Literature DB >> 35078286 |
Yaoyao Ren1, Linlin Zhang1, Yu Wang2, Diansheng Zhong1.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in clinic, and the incidence of rare adverse events are increasing. The aim of this paper is to better define the rare adverse effect of diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs. We report 2 cases of diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs. Literature review was conducted and we discussed the clinical presentation, potential mechanisms and suggestions for optimal management. Two patients were both elderly women, case 1 had increased blood glucose after 7 months of using Durvalumab, and cases 2 had diabetic ketoacidosis after 6 weeks of using Pembrolizumab. Both patients were administered exogenous insulin to control blood glucose. Case 1 has been treated with Durvalumab until now and case 2 discontinued using of Pembrolizumab. HLA genotypes and other factors may explain the risk factors of diabetes associated with ICIs in some individuals. Diabetes mellitus associated with ICIs is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening endocrine system adverse event, which requires doctors to be vigilant. The patients who use ICIs need to monitor blood glucose. If they have hyperglycemia, endocrinologists should be asked to assist in diagnosis and treatment. .Entities:
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Lung neoplasms
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35078286 PMCID: PMC8796132 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.54
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
图 1病例1基线影像及4个周期治疗后疗效评价
Baseline image of case 1 and efficacy evaluation after 4 cycles of treatment
图 2维持治疗期间出现肺部、肾上腺寡进展。A:胸部CT示肺门病灶较前增大;B:腹部CT示肾上腺转移较前增大。
Lung and adrenal metastases during maintenance treatment. A: chest CT showed hilar lesions larger than before; B: abdominal CT showed adrenal metastases larger than before. CT: computed tomography.
图 3病例1空腹血糖变化曲线
Curve of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in case 1
患者化验检查表
Biochemical data of two cases
| Index | Case 1 | Case 2 | Ref. | ||||
| Fasting | 0.5 h | 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | |||
| NE: not examined; Ref: reference; KET: ketone; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; fT4: free thyroxine; Cor: cortisol; ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; IAA: insulin autoantibody; ICA: islet cell antibody; GADA: glutamic acid decarboxylaseantibody; HLA: human leukocyte antigen. Ref: reference. | |||||||
| Palsma glucose (mmol/L) | 13.92 | 16.66 | 22.65 | 30.76 | 32.75 | NE | 3.6-5.8 |
| Palsma insulin (mU/L) | 12.5 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 13.6 | 12.7 | NE | 4-18 |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.44 | < 0.01 | 0.78-5.19 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.8 | 7.8 | 4-6 | ||||
| Urine protein | - | - | - | ||||
| KET | - | 4+ | - | ||||
| Arterial blood gas pH | NE | 6.98 | 7.35-7.45 | ||||
| fT4 (pmol/L) | 12.54 | 13.16 | 9.01-19.05 | ||||
| Cor ( | 20.10 | 24.8 | 5-25 | ||||
| ACTH (pg/mL) | 14.3 | 49.2 | 0-46 | ||||
| IAA | - | +- | |||||
| ICA | - | - | |||||
| GADA | - | - | |||||
| HLA-DR4 | NE | + | |||||
ICIs相关性糖尿病与自发性1型糖尿病的鉴别
Differentiation between ICIs related diabetes mellitus and spontaneous type 1 diabetes mellitus
| Index | ICIs related diabetes mellitus | Spontaneous T1DM |
| ICIs: immune checkpoint inhibitors; T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; HLA: human leukocyte antigen. | ||
| Median age | 61 years (ascribed to the incidence of cancer) | Young age |
| ICI therapy | Yes | No |
| onset | Slow, latent or fulminant | Acute |
| C-peptide level | Extremely low or undetectable | Increased after exogenous stimulation |
| Diabetes-related autoantibodies | 50% | 90% |
| HLA genotypes | Lower than spontaneous T1DM | ≥90% |
| Treatment | Insulin | Insulin |