[Surgical treatment of focal cartilage defects in the knee : Indications, techniques, modifications and results].

The treatment strategies for focal cartilage damage in the knee are multifarious. For established procedures, such as microfracturing (MFX), autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC), osteochondral transplantation (OCT) and autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT), well-founded, partly comparative long-term studies and overlapping size-dependent differential indications are available. Innovative cell sources, the utilization of biological scaffolds as well as biologic agents and various combinations, have recently become the focus of scientific attention; however, high regulatory demands are restricting their use in Germany. The success of every procedure is dependent on the appropriate indications, the treatment of comorbidities, such as axis deviations or ligamentous instability, the surgeon's experience and an adequate follow-up treatment.