| Literature DB >> 35072763 |
Lucia Gerstl1, M Olivieri2,3, F Heinen4, C Bidlingmaier2, A S Schroeder4, K Reiter3, F Hoffmann3, K Kurnik2, T Liebig5, C G Trumm5, N A Haas6, A Jakob6, I Borggraefe4.
Abstract
Arterial ischemic stroke in childhood and adolescence is one of the most time-critical emergencies in pediatrics. Nevertheless, it is often diagnosed with a considerable time delay which may be associated with low awareness, the sometimes nonspecific clinical presentation with a wide variety of differential diagnoses, and less established 'acute care structures'. The revascularisation strategies in adult stroke care are also potential and promising treatment options for children, even if available evidence is still limited. In the post-acute phase, the etiological work-up is complex due to the multitude of risk factors to be considered. But it is essential to identify each child's individual risk profile as it determines secondary prevention, risk of recurrence and outcome. Long-term care in a multiprofessional, interdisciplinary team must take into account the bio-psycho-social aspects to integrate the child into its social and educational, and later professional environment.Entities:
Keywords: Clinical presentation; Diagnostics; Etiology; Recurrence risk; Secondary prophylaxis
Mesh:
Year: 2022 PMID: 35072763 PMCID: PMC8785019 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01252-4
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Nervenarzt ISSN: 0028-2804 Impact factor: 1.297

| Ursachen und Risikofaktoren | |
| Arteriopathien | Fokale zerebrale Arteriopathie (FCA) |
| Para-/postinfektiöse Vaskulitis | |
| Moyamoya-Angiopathie | |
| Dissektion der extra- und intrakraniellen Hirngefäße | |
| Primäre ZNS-Vaskulitis | |
| Genetische Prädisposition (s. unten) | |
| Fibromuskuläre Dysplasie | |
| Systemischer Lupus erythematodes | |
| Kardiovaskuläre Ursachen | Angeborene/erworbene Herzfehler |
| Postoperativ Fremdkörper linksseitig (Patches etc.) | |
| Persistierendes Foramen ovale (PFO) | |
| Intrapulmonale Shunts (arteriovenöse Malformation) | |
| Endokarditis | |
| Schlechte linksventrikuläre (LV-)Funktion (Myokarditis, Kardiomyopathie) | |
| Tachykarde Herzrhythmusstörungen | |
| Kardiochirurgischer Eingriff/Herzkatheteruntersuchung | |
| Mechanische Kreislaufunterstützung | |
| Selten: kardiale Tumoren (Vorhofmyxom) | |
| Gefäßverengungen postoperativ | |
| Inflammatorische Gefäßveränderungen (Kawasaki, Takayasu) | |
| Koagulopathien | Protein-C-Mangel |
| Protein-S-Mangel | |
| Prothrombinmutation (G20210A) | |
| Faktor-V-Leiden-Mutation (G1691A) | |
| Antithrombinmangel | |
| Lipoprotein-a-Erhöhung | |
| Faktor-VIII-Erhöhung | |
| Hyperhomozysteinämie | |
| Antiphospholipidantikörpersyndrom | |
| Hämato-onkologische Ursachen | Sichelzellkrankheit |
| Hämolytische Anämie, Hämoglobinopathien | |
| Eisenmangelanämie | |
| Metabolische Ursachen | Mitochondriopathie |
| CDG(„congenital disorders of glycosylation“)-Syndrom | |
| Homozystinurie | |
| Genetische Prädisposition | Trisomie 21 |
| Neurofibromatose Typ 1 | |
| PHACE(„posterior fossa anomalies, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies and eye anomalies“)-Syndrom | |
| Alagille-Syndrom | |
| Mutation: ACTA2, ADA2 ( | |
| Bindegewebserkrankungen | Ehrlers-Danlos-Syndrom |
| Marfan-Syndrom | |
| Infektionen | Varizella-zoster-Virus („post varicella vasculopathy“) |
| Enteroviren | |
| Parvoviren | |
| Herpes-simplex-Virus (HSV) | |
| Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) | |
| Meningitis durch Pneumokokken, | |
| Allgemein: Sepsis, Dehydratation | |
| Medikamente/Therapien | Kontrazeptiva |
| L‑Asparaginase | |
| Strahlentherapie | |
| Sonstige | Zerebrovaskuläre Anomalien (Anmerkung: Hauptrisikofaktor für hämorrhagischen Schlaganfall) |
| Hirntumor | |
| Zustand nach neurochirurgischem Eingriff | |
| Trauma/Schädel-Hirn-Trauma | |
| Migräne (Rolle nicht abschließend geklärt) | |

