Kei Miyakawa1, Sousuke Kubo1,2, Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah1, Hirofumi Go3, Yutaro Yamaoka1,4, Norihisa Ohtake5,6, Hideaki Kato7, Satoshi Ikeda8, Takahiro Mihara9, Ikuro Matsuba10, Naoko Sanno11, Masaaki Miyakawa12,13, Masaharu Shinkai14, Tomoyuki Miyazaki15, Takashi Ogura8, Shuichi Ito16, Takeshi Kaneko2, Kouji Yamamoto3, Atsushi Goto9, Akihide Ryo1. 1. Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. 2. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. 3. Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. 4. Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan. 5. Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan. 6. Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan. 7. Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan. 8. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan. 9. Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Kanagawa, Japan. 10. Matsuba Medical Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan. 11. Shinagawa Strings Clinic, Tokyo, Japan. 12. Miyakawa Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan. 13. Japan Medical Association, Tokyo, Japan. 14. Division of Internal Medicine, Tokyo-Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 15. Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. 16. Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicits varying degrees of protective immunity conferred by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). In this study, we report the persistence of nAb responses over 12 months after infection despite their decreasing trend noticed from 6 months. METHODS: The study included sera from 497 individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 between January and August 2020. Samples were collected at 6 and 12 months after onset. The titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)G to the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. The nAb titer was determined using lentivirus-based pseudovirus or authentic virus. RESULTS: Antibody titers of NP-IgG, RBD-IgG, and nAbs were higher in severe and moderate cases than in mild cases at 12 months after onset. Although the nAb levels were likely to confer adequate protection against wild-type viral infection, the neutralization activity to recently circulating variants in some of the mild cases (~30%) was undermined, implying the susceptibility to reinfection with the variants of concerns (VOCs). CONCLUSIONS: Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals have robust humoral immunity even at 12 months after infection albeit that the medical history and background of patients could affect the function and dynamics of antibody response to the VOCs.
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicits varying degrees of protective immunity conferred by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). In this study, we report the persistence of nAb responses over 12 months after infection despite their decreasing trend noticed from 6 months. METHODS: The study included sera from 497 individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 between January and August 2020. Samples were collected at 6 and 12 months after onset. The titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)G to the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. The nAb titer was determined using lentivirus-based pseudovirus or authentic virus. RESULTS: Antibody titers of NP-IgG, RBD-IgG, and nAbs were higher in severe and moderate cases than in mild cases at 12 months after onset. Although the nAb levels were likely to confer adequate protection against wild-type viral infection, the neutralization activity to recently circulating variants in some of the mild cases (~30%) was undermined, implying the susceptibility to reinfection with the variants of concerns (VOCs). CONCLUSIONS: Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals have robust humoral immunity even at 12 months after infection albeit that the medical history and background of patients could affect the function and dynamics of antibody response to the VOCs.
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