The role of Wnt/mTOR signaling in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most common disabling spinal injury, a complex pathologic process that can eventually lead to severe neurological dysfunction. The Wnt/mTOR signaling pathway is a pervasive signaling cascade that regulates a wide range of physiological processes during embryonic development, from stem cell pluripotency to cell fate. Numerous studies have reported that Wnt/mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in neural development, synaptogenesis, neuron growth, differentiation and survival after the central nervous system (CNS) is damaged. Wnt/mTOR also plays an important role in regulating various pathophysiological processes after spinal cord injury (SCI). After SCI, Wnt/mTOR signal regulates the physiological and pathological processes of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, neuronal axon regeneration, neuroinflammation and pain through multiple pathways. Due to the characteristics of the Wnt signal in SCI make it a potential therapeutic target of SCI. In this paper, the characteristics of Wnt/mTOR signal, the role of Wnt/mTOR pathway on SCI and related mechanisms are reviewed, and some unsolved problems are discussed. It is hoped to provide reference value for the research field of the role of Wnt/mTOR pathway in SCI, and provide a theoretical basis for biological therapy of SCI.