Farzaneh Yazdanimoghaddam1, Mahmoud Aghaei1, Maedeh Ghasemi2, Nepton Soltani2, Hossein Rezazadeh2, Fouzieh Zadhoush3. 1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 2. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. f.zadhoush@pharm.mui.ac.ir.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO4 and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: Control group, diabetic control (DC) using a high-fat diet + streptozotocin, insulin-treated diabetic group (DC + Ins), MgSO4-treated diabetic group (DC + Mg). At the end of therapies, serum concentrations of FBG, TG, insulin, Ox-LDL, along with serum and hepatic irisin levels were measured. FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions were measured in the skeletal muscle by Real-time PCR. In comparison with DC group, MgSO4 therapy resulted in decreased FBG, TG, Ox-LDL, improved serum insulin and irisin levels, and increased mRNA expressions of FNDC5, UCP3 and TFAM. Insulin therapy significantly decreased FBG, Ox-LDL, FNDC5 and serum irisin levels compared with the control group. While, insulin therapy markedly increased TFAM and UCP3 compared with the DC group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, MgSO4 can improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia partly through decreasing Ox-LDL, increasing serum irisin levels as well as increasing FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in T2DM rats. These findings can be considered in the management of diabetes treatment.
BACKGROUND: Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO4 and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: Control group, diabetic control (DC) using a high-fat diet + streptozotocin, insulin-treated diabetic group (DC + Ins), MgSO4-treated diabetic group (DC + Mg). At the end of therapies, serum concentrations of FBG, TG, insulin, Ox-LDL, along with serum and hepatic irisin levels were measured. FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions were measured in the skeletal muscle by Real-time PCR. In comparison with DC group, MgSO4 therapy resulted in decreased FBG, TG, Ox-LDL, improved serum insulin and irisin levels, and increased mRNA expressions of FNDC5, UCP3 and TFAM. Insulin therapy significantly decreased FBG, Ox-LDL, FNDC5 and serum irisin levels compared with the control group. While, insulin therapy markedly increased TFAM and UCP3 compared with the DC group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, MgSO4 can improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia partly through decreasing Ox-LDL, increasing serum irisin levels as well as increasing FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in T2DM rats. These findings can be considered in the management of diabetes treatment.
Authors: Jin-Ho Koh; Matthew L Johnson; Surendra Dasari; Nathan K LeBrasseur; Ivan Vuckovic; Gregory C Henderson; Shawna A Cooper; Shankarappa Manjunatha; Gregory N Ruegsegger; Gerald I Shulman; Ian R Lanza; K Sreekumaran Nair Journal: Diabetes Date: 2019-05-14 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Pontus Boström; Jun Wu; Mark P Jedrychowski; Anisha Korde; Li Ye; James C Lo; Kyle A Rasbach; Elisabeth Almer Boström; Jang Hyun Choi; Jonathan Z Long; Shingo Kajimura; Maria Cristina Zingaretti; Birgitte F Vind; Hua Tu; Saverio Cinti; Kurt Højlund; Steven P Gygi; Bruce M Spiegelman Journal: Nature Date: 2012-01-11 Impact factor: 49.962