Emmanuel Yovo1. 1. Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin (IRCB), 04 BP 1114 Abomey-Calavi, Benin; Université de Montpellier, IRD, UMR MoISA-SAND team, Montpellier, France; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Global Malaria Team, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: emkoffiyovo@gmail.com.