Mengtuan Long1, Xiaoyu Zhu1, Xuejiao Wei1, Dan Zhao1, Lili Jiang2, Chenhao Li1, Die Jin1, Changxiu Miao1, Yujun Du3. 1. Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China. 2. Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China. duyj@jlu.edu.cn.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Renal fibrosis (RF) is the main pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main focus of research on treatment for CKD is to develop strategies that delay or prevent RF from progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Inflammation and oxidative stress occur during all stages of CKD. The magnesium cation (Mg2+) can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, regulate apoptosis, and improve RF, and magnesium-based therapies are promising new treatments that can prevent RF. We reviewed the current evidence on the effects of magnesium in RF and examined the possible mechanism of magnesium in delaying RF. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for articles on magnesium and fibrosis, with a focus on magnesium and RF. RESULTS: Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are related to the occurrence of CKD. Previous research showed that Mg2+ inhibits the differentiation of inflammatory cells, down-regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines, reduces inflammation, and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. In addition, Mg2+ also regulates apoptosis and protects renal tubular function. Magnesium may also regulate TRPM6/7, promote the secretion of klotho protein and improve renal fibrosis. Therefore, Mg2+ can protect the kidney from damage and slow down the progression of RF through many molecular and cellular effects. Some of the anti-fibrotic effects of Mg2+ may be related to its antagonism of intracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSION: Magnesium may prevent the progression of renal fibrosis and delay CKD by reducing renal inflammation and oxidative stress, and by regulating fibrosis-related signaling pathways and cytokines.
PURPOSE: Renal fibrosis (RF) is the main pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main focus of research on treatment for CKD is to develop strategies that delay or prevent RF from progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Inflammation and oxidative stress occur during all stages of CKD. The magnesium cation (Mg2+) can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, regulate apoptosis, and improve RF, and magnesium-based therapies are promising new treatments that can prevent RF. We reviewed the current evidence on the effects of magnesium in RF and examined the possible mechanism of magnesium in delaying RF. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for articles on magnesium and fibrosis, with a focus on magnesium and RF. RESULTS: Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are related to the occurrence of CKD. Previous research showed that Mg2+ inhibits the differentiation of inflammatory cells, down-regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines, reduces inflammation, and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. In addition, Mg2+ also regulates apoptosis and protects renal tubular function. Magnesium may also regulate TRPM6/7, promote the secretion of klotho protein and improve renal fibrosis. Therefore, Mg2+ can protect the kidney from damage and slow down the progression of RF through many molecular and cellular effects. Some of the anti-fibrotic effects of Mg2+ may be related to its antagonism of intracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSION: Magnesium may prevent the progression of renal fibrosis and delay CKD by reducing renal inflammation and oxidative stress, and by regulating fibrosis-related signaling pathways and cytokines.
Authors: Martin Kolisek; Gerhard Sponder; Ivana Pilchova; Michal Cibulka; Zuzana Tatarkova; Tanja Werner; Peter Racay Journal: Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol Date: 2019 Impact factor: 5.545
Authors: Rami Azem; Remy Daou; Elias Bassil; Eva Maria Anvari; Jonathan J Taliercio; Susana Arrigain; Jesse D Schold; Tushar Vachharajani; Joseph Nally; Georges N Na Khoul Journal: BMC Nephrol Date: 2020-02-12 Impact factor: 2.388