Aditya Verma1, Ashok Jha2, Ahmed Roshdy Alagorie3, Rishi Sharma4. 1. Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, College Road 18, Chennai, 600006, India. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, 823005, India. ashokjha1973@rediffmail.com. 3. Department of Ophthalmolgy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital, Yol, Himachal Pradesh, 176052, India.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of body fat distribution in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and its long-term complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR), in Indian population. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study involving 1773 subjects diagnosed with DM and 1778 age and gender-matched individuals. The patients with DM were assessed for the presence and severity of DR. Severe non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR were categorised as sight threatening DR (STDR). Anthropometric parameters, i.e., neck circumference (NC); mid-upper arm circumference (MAC); waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); mid-thigh circumference (MTC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured using standardised technique. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.33 ± 9.32 for DM group, and 66.03 ± 11.04 for non-DM group. DM group showed significantly greater NC, WC, and MTC and significantly reduced MAC and weight. HC and BMI were comparable between the groups. There was a significant positive correlation of MAC and WC (with any level of DR) and MAC, WC, and weight (for STDR); and a significant negative correlation of HC and MTC (with any level of DR) and NC, HC, MTC, and BMI (for STDR). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that WC was the single most important predictor for any level of DR and STDR. CONCLUSIONS: Association of body fat distribution with DM and DR appears multifactorial. However, central obesity signified by waist circumference appears to be the significant risk related to the development of DR and STDR in Indian population.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of body fat distribution in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and its long-term complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR), in Indian population. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study involving 1773 subjects diagnosed with DM and 1778 age and gender-matched individuals. The patients with DM were assessed for the presence and severity of DR. Severe non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR were categorised as sight threatening DR (STDR). Anthropometric parameters, i.e., neck circumference (NC); mid-upper arm circumference (MAC); waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); mid-thigh circumference (MTC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured using standardised technique. RESULTS: The mean age was 59.33 ± 9.32 for DM group, and 66.03 ± 11.04 for non-DM group. DM group showed significantly greater NC, WC, and MTC and significantly reduced MAC and weight. HC and BMI were comparable between the groups. There was a significant positive correlation of MAC and WC (with any level of DR) and MAC, WC, and weight (for STDR); and a significant negative correlation of HC and MTC (with any level of DR) and NC, HC, MTC, and BMI (for STDR). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that WC was the single most important predictor for any level of DR and STDR. CONCLUSIONS: Association of body fat distribution with DM and DR appears multifactorial. However, central obesity signified by waist circumference appears to be the significant risk related to the development of DR and STDR in Indian population.
Authors: Faramarz Ismail-Beigi; Timothy Craven; Mary Ann Banerji; Jan Basile; Jorge Calles; Robert M Cohen; Robert Cuddihy; William C Cushman; Saul Genuth; Richard H Grimm; Bruce P Hamilton; Byron Hoogwerf; Diane Karl; Lois Katz; Armand Krikorian; Patrick O'Connor; Rodica Pop-Busui; Ulrich Schubart; Debra Simmons; Harris Taylor; Abraham Thomas; Daniel Weiss; Irene Hramiak Journal: Lancet Date: 2010-06-30 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: J W J Beulens; A Patel; J R Vingerling; J K Cruickshank; A D Hughes; A Stanton; J Lu; S A McG Thom; D E Grobbee; R P Stolk Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2009-07-25 Impact factor: 10.122