Alexandros Rammos1, Sarah A Sullivan2, Daphne Kounali2, Hannah J Jones2, Gemma Hammerton2, Lindsey A Hines2, Glyn Lewis3, Peter B Jones4, Mary Cannon5, Andrew Thompson6, Dieter Wolke7, Jon Heron2, Stanley Zammit1. 1. Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK. 2. Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK. 3. Institute of Mental Health, University College London, UK. 4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK. 5. Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland. 6. Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, UK; and Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Australia. 7. Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences are reported by 5-10% of young people, although only a minority persist and develop into psychotic disorders. It is unclear what characteristics differentiate those with transient psychotic experiences from those with persistent psychotic experiences that are more likely to be of clinical relevance. AIMS: To investigate how longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences, created from assessments at three different time points, are influenced by early life and co-occurring factors. METHOD: Using data from 8045 individuals from a birth cohort study, longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences based on semi-structured interviews conducted at 12, 18 and 24 years were defined. Environmental, cognitive, psychopathological and genetic determinants of these profiles were investigated, along with concurrent changes in psychopathology and cognition. RESULTS: Following multiple imputations, the distribution of longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences was none (65.7%), transient (24.1%), low-frequency persistent (8.4%) and high-frequency persistent (1.7%). Individuals with high-frequency persistent psychotic experiences were more likely to report traumatic experiences, other psychopathology, a more externalised locus of control, reduced emotional stability and conscientious personality traits in childhood, compared with those with transient psychotic experiences. These characteristics also differed between those who had any psychotic experiences and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the same risk factors are associated with incidence as with persistence of psychotic experiences. Thus, it might be that the severity of exposure, rather than the presence of specific disease-modifying factors, is most likely to determine whether psychotic experiences are transient or persist, and potentially develop into a clinical disorder over time.
BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences are reported by 5-10% of young people, although only a minority persist and develop into psychotic disorders. It is unclear what characteristics differentiate those with transient psychotic experiences from those with persistent psychotic experiences that are more likely to be of clinical relevance. AIMS: To investigate how longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences, created from assessments at three different time points, are influenced by early life and co-occurring factors. METHOD: Using data from 8045 individuals from a birth cohort study, longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences based on semi-structured interviews conducted at 12, 18 and 24 years were defined. Environmental, cognitive, psychopathological and genetic determinants of these profiles were investigated, along with concurrent changes in psychopathology and cognition. RESULTS: Following multiple imputations, the distribution of longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences was none (65.7%), transient (24.1%), low-frequency persistent (8.4%) and high-frequency persistent (1.7%). Individuals with high-frequency persistent psychotic experiences were more likely to report traumatic experiences, other psychopathology, a more externalised locus of control, reduced emotional stability and conscientious personality traits in childhood, compared with those with transient psychotic experiences. These characteristics also differed between those who had any psychotic experiences and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the same risk factors are associated with incidence as with persistence of psychotic experiences. Thus, it might be that the severity of exposure, rather than the presence of specific disease-modifying factors, is most likely to determine whether psychotic experiences are transient or persist, and potentially develop into a clinical disorder over time.
Entities:
Keywords:
Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; Risk factors; childhood experience; psychotic disorders; schizophrenia
Authors: M D G Dominguez; Marieke Wichers; Roselind Lieb; Hans-Ulrich Wittchen; Jim van Os Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2009-05-21 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Paul A Harris; Robert Taylor; Robert Thielke; Jonathon Payne; Nathaniel Gonzalez; Jose G Conde Journal: J Biomed Inform Date: 2008-09-30 Impact factor: 6.317
Authors: Ian Kelleher; Fionnuala Lynch; Michelle Harley; Charlene Molloy; Sarah Roddy; Carol Fitzpatrick; Mary Cannon Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2012-12
Authors: Sarah A Sullivan; Daphne Kounali; Mary Cannon; Anthony S David; Paul C Fletcher; Peter Holmans; Hannah Jones; Peter B Jones; David E J Linden; Glyn Lewis; Michael J Owen; Michael O'Donovan; Alexandros Rammos; Andrew Thompson; Dieter Wolke; Jon Heron; Stanley Zammit Journal: Am J Psychiatry Date: 2020-01-07 Impact factor: 18.112
Authors: Abigail Fraser; Corrie Macdonald-Wallis; Kate Tilling; Andy Boyd; Jean Golding; George Davey Smith; John Henderson; John Macleod; Lynn Molloy; Andy Ness; Susan Ring; Scott M Nelson; Debbie A Lawlor Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2012-04-16 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Andy Boyd; Jean Golding; John Macleod; Debbie A Lawlor; Abigail Fraser; John Henderson; Lynn Molloy; Andy Ness; Susan Ring; George Davey Smith Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2012-04-16 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Hannah J Jones; Jon Heron; Gemma Hammerton; Jan Stochl; Peter B Jones; Mary Cannon; George Davey Smith; Peter Holmans; Glyn Lewis; David E J Linden; Michael C O'Donovan; Michael J Owen; James Walters; Stanley Zammit Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2018-08-08 Impact factor: 6.222
Authors: Álvaro I Langer; Klaas Wardenaar; Johanna T W Wigman; José Luis Ulloa; Daniel Núñez Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2022-06-27 Impact factor: 5.435