Fine human genetic map based on UK10K data set.

Recombination is a major force that shapes genetic diversity. Determination of recombination rate is important and can theoretically be improved by increasing the sample size. However, it is nearly impossible to estimate recombination rates using traditional population genetics methods when the sample size is large because these methods are highly computationally demanding. In this study, we used a refined machine learning approach to estimate the recombination rate of the human genome using the UK10K human genomic dataset with 7,562 genomic sequences and its three subsets with 200, 400 and 2,000 genomic sequences. The estimation was performed under the human Out-of-Africa demographic model. We not only obtained an accurate human genetic map, but also found that the fluctuation of estimated recombination rate is reduced along the human genome when the sample size increases. The estimated UK10K recombination rate heterogeneity is less than that estimated from its subsets. Our results demonstrate how the sample size affects the estimated recombination rate, and analyses of a larger number of genomes result in a more precise estimation of recombination rate. The accurate genetic map based on UK10K data set is also expected to benefit other human biology researches.