Vincent A Magnotta1, Jia Xu2, Jess G Fiedorowicz3, Aislinn Williams4, Joseph Shaffer5, Gary Christensen6, Jeffrey D Long7, Eric Taylor8, Leela Sathyaputri2, Jenny Gringer Richards2, Gail Harmata4, John Wemmie9. 1. Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, United States. Electronic address: vincent-magnotta@uiowa.edu. 2. Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States. 3. University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada. 4. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States. 5. Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, United States; College of Biosciences, Kansas City University, United States. 6. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, United States. 7. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, United States. 8. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, United States. 9. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Iowa, United States.
Abstract
AIMS: Bipolar type I disorder (BD) is characterized by severe mood swings and occurs in about 1% of the population. The mechanisms underlying the disorder remain unknown. Prior studies have suggested abnormalities in brain metabolism using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Supporting altered metabolism, in previous studies we found T1ρ relaxation times in the cerebellum were elevated in participants with BD. In addition, T1ρ relaxation times in the basal ganglia were lower in participants with BD experiencing depressed mood. Based on these findings, this study sought to probe brain metabolism with a focus of extending these assessments to the cerebellum. METHODS: This study collected data from 64 participants with Bipolar type I disorder (BD) and 42 controls. Subjects were scanned at both 3T (anatomical, functional, and T1ρ imaging data) and 7T (31P and 1H spectroscopy). Regions of interest defined by the 1H MRS data were used to explore metabolic and functional changes in the cerebellar vermis and putamen. RESULTS: Elevated concentrations of n-Acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), glutamate, glutathione, taurine, and creatine were found in the cerebellar vermis along with decreased intra-cellular pH. Similar trends were observed in the right putamen for glutamate, creatine, and pH. We also observed a relationship between T1ρ relaxation times and mood in the putamen. We did not observe a significant effect of medications on these measures. LIMITATIONS: The study was cross sectional in design and employed a naturalistic approach for assessing the impact of medications on the results. CONCLUSION: This study supports prior findings of reduced pH in mitochondrial dysfunction in BD while also showing that these differences extend to the cerebellum.
AIMS: Bipolar type I disorder (BD) is characterized by severe mood swings and occurs in about 1% of the population. The mechanisms underlying the disorder remain unknown. Prior studies have suggested abnormalities in brain metabolism using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Supporting altered metabolism, in previous studies we found T1ρ relaxation times in the cerebellum were elevated in participants with BD. In addition, T1ρ relaxation times in the basal ganglia were lower in participants with BD experiencing depressed mood. Based on these findings, this study sought to probe brain metabolism with a focus of extending these assessments to the cerebellum. METHODS: This study collected data from 64 participants with Bipolar type I disorder (BD) and 42 controls. Subjects were scanned at both 3T (anatomical, functional, and T1ρ imaging data) and 7T (31P and 1H spectroscopy). Regions of interest defined by the 1H MRS data were used to explore metabolic and functional changes in the cerebellar vermis and putamen. RESULTS: Elevated concentrations of n-Acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), glutamate, glutathione, taurine, and creatine were found in the cerebellar vermis along with decreased intra-cellular pH. Similar trends were observed in the right putamen for glutamate, creatine, and pH. We also observed a relationship between T1ρ relaxation times and mood in the putamen. We did not observe a significant effect of medications on these measures. LIMITATIONS: The study was cross sectional in design and employed a naturalistic approach for assessing the impact of medications on the results. CONCLUSION: This study supports prior findings of reduced pH in mitochondrial dysfunction in BD while also showing that these differences extend to the cerebellum.
Authors: C M Moore; J L Breeze; S A Gruber; S M Babb; B B Frederick; R A Villafuerte; A L Stoll; J Hennen; D A Yurgelun-Todd; B M Cohen; P F Renshaw Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2000-09 Impact factor: 6.744
Authors: T Kato; H Hamakawa; T Shioiri; J Murashita; Y Takahashi; S Takahashi; T Inubushi Journal: J Psychiatry Neurosci Date: 1996-07 Impact factor: 6.186
Authors: Constance M Moore; Jean A Frazier; Carol A Glod; Janis L Breeze; Megan Dieterich; Chelsea T Finn; Blaise deB Frederick; Perry F Renshaw Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2007-04 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Benício N Frey; Jeffrey A Stanley; Fabiano G Nery; E Serap Monkul; Mark A Nicoletti; Hua-Hsuan Chen; John P Hatch; Sheila C Caetano; Oswaldo Ortiz; Flávio Kapczinski; Jair C Soares Journal: Bipolar Disord Date: 2007-06 Impact factor: 6.744
Authors: Mark A Frye; M Albert Thomas; Kenneth Yue; Nader Binesh; Pablo Davanzo; Joseph Ventura; Joseph O'Neill; Barry Guze; John G Curran; Jim Mintz Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2007-03-07 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Cameron M Cushing; Michael S Petronek; Kellie L Bodeker; Sandy Vollstedt; Heather A Brown; Emyleigh Opat; Nancy J Hollenbeck; Thomas Shanks; Daniel J Berg; Brian J Smith; Mark C Smith; Varun Monga; Muhammad Furqan; Matthew A Howard; Jeremy D Greenlee; Kranti A Mapuskar; Joel St-Aubin; Ryan T Flynn; Joseph J Cullen; Garry R Buettner; Douglas R Spitz; John M Buatti; Bryan G Allen; Vincent A Magnotta Journal: Redox Biol Date: 2020-11-19 Impact factor: 11.799
Authors: Sofía Ramírez-Guerrero; Santiago Guardo-Maya; Germán J Medina-Rincón; Eduardo E Orrego-González; Ricardo Cabezas-Pérez; Rodrigo E González-Reyes Journal: Front Mol Neurosci Date: 2022-07-05 Impact factor: 6.261