Abel Tadrist1,2, Michele Morelli1,3,2,4, Bastien Gondran-Tellier1,2, Akram Akiki1,2, Robin McManus1,2, Veronique Delaporte1,2, Cyrille Bastide2,5, Gilles Karsenty1,2, Eric Lechevallier1,2, Romain Boissier1,2, Michael Baboudjian6,7,8. 1. Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Aix-Marseille University, Conception Academic Hospital, AP-HM, 147 Bd Baille, 13005, Marseilles, France. 2. Aix-Marseille University, 58 Bd Charles Livon, 13007, Marseilles, France. 3. University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy. 4. Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. 5. Department of Urology, North Hospital, AP-HM, Marseilles, France. 6. Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Aix-Marseille University, Conception Academic Hospital, AP-HM, 147 Bd Baille, 13005, Marseilles, France. michael.baboudjian@outlook.fr. 7. Aix-Marseille University, 58 Bd Charles Livon, 13007, Marseilles, France. michael.baboudjian@outlook.fr. 8. Department of Urology, North Hospital, AP-HM, Marseilles, France. michael.baboudjian@outlook.fr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term clinical outcomes and identify factors predicting success of endoscopic treatment for symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after kidney transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who had a symptomatic VUR after renal transplantation at our centre between January 2000 and December 2020 was performed. VUR was documented by retrograde cystography and was determined by at least one episode of acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN). Endoscopic injections of polydimethylsiloxane (MacroPlastique™) or dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux™) were performed by expert urologists via rigid cystoscopy with a bevelled needle system. The results of endoscopic treatment were evaluated by cystography at three months. The primary endpoint was clinical efficacy as defined by the absence of AGPN during follow-up. Radiological success was defined by the absence of VUR at the three months follow-up cystography. RESULTS: Out of 2135 kidney transplantations, a total of 117 (5.5%) patients had symptomatic VUR: 100 (85.5%) underwent Deflux™ and 17 (14.5%) MacroPlastique™. Preoperative high-grade VUR was recorded in 71% of patients. One postoperative complication was observed, Clavien > II. After a median follow-up of 11.2 years (IQR 6.5-14.4), clinical success was achieved in 73 patients (62.4%). Radiological success was obtained in 42 patients (36%). Multivariable analysis failed to identify predictors of endoscopic treatment success, which was independent of the preoperative grade of VUR and the type of bulking agent used. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic treatment of VUR is a simple and well-tolerated procedure with long-term clinical efficacy.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term clinical outcomes and identify factors predicting success of endoscopic treatment for symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after kidney transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who had a symptomatic VUR after renal transplantation at our centre between January 2000 and December 2020 was performed. VUR was documented by retrograde cystography and was determined by at least one episode of acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN). Endoscopic injections of polydimethylsiloxane (MacroPlastique™) or dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux™) were performed by expert urologists via rigid cystoscopy with a bevelled needle system. The results of endoscopic treatment were evaluated by cystography at three months. The primary endpoint was clinical efficacy as defined by the absence of AGPN during follow-up. Radiological success was defined by the absence of VUR at the three months follow-up cystography. RESULTS: Out of 2135 kidney transplantations, a total of 117 (5.5%) patients had symptomatic VUR: 100 (85.5%) underwent Deflux™ and 17 (14.5%) MacroPlastique™. Preoperative high-grade VUR was recorded in 71% of patients. One postoperative complication was observed, Clavien > II. After a median follow-up of 11.2 years (IQR 6.5-14.4), clinical success was achieved in 73 patients (62.4%). Radiological success was obtained in 42 patients (36%). Multivariable analysis failed to identify predictors of endoscopic treatment success, which was independent of the preoperative grade of VUR and the type of bulking agent used. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic treatment of VUR is a simple and well-tolerated procedure with long-term clinical efficacy.
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