Anna Di Sessa1, Giovanni Messina2, Ilaria Bitetti3, Costanza Falanga3, Giovanni Farello4, Alberto Verrotti4, Marco Carotenuto3. 1. Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. anna.disessa@unicampania.it. 2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. 3. Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental and Physical Health, and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. 4. Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in childhood is a complex disease primarily due both to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and pediatric obesity. Notably, inflammation has been recognized as one of the most important shared pathogenic factor between obesity and OSAS resulting in an increased cardiometabolic risk for these patients. To date, evidence is still limited in non-obese population with OSAS. We aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk profile of a pediatric population of non-obese subjects affected by OSAS. A total of 128 school-aged children (mean age 9.70 ± 3.43) diagnosed with OSAS and 213 non-OSAS children (mean age 9.52 ± 3.35) as control group were enrolled. All subjects underwent a complete clinical and biochemical assessment (including white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), % of neutrophils (NEU%), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uric acid, fasting insulin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin levels). A significant association between inflammation markers (including WBC, PLT, MPV, NEU%, ferritin, CPR, and ESR) and OSAS was found (all p < 0.001). Children with OSAS also showed increased transaminase, glucose, uric acid, and insulin levels (all p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings suggested a worse cardiometabolic profile in non-obese children with OSAS. Given the pivotal pathogenic role of inflammation both for hypoxiemia and metabolic derangements, therapeutic strategies for OSAS might also counteract the increased cardiometabolic risk of these patients, by improving their long-term quality of life. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Pediatric OSAS has shown a close relationship with obesity and its cardiometabolic comorbidities. • Inflammation represents the hallmark of both obesity and OSAS. WHAT IS NEW: • Non obese children with OSAS presented with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile. • OSAS treatment might serve as an effective approach also for the increased cardiometabolic risk of these children.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in childhood is a complex disease primarily due both to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and pediatric obesity. Notably, inflammation has been recognized as one of the most important shared pathogenic factor between obesity and OSAS resulting in an increased cardiometabolic risk for these patients. To date, evidence is still limited in non-obese population with OSAS. We aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk profile of a pediatric population of non-obese subjects affected by OSAS. A total of 128 school-aged children (mean age 9.70 ± 3.43) diagnosed with OSAS and 213 non-OSAS children (mean age 9.52 ± 3.35) as control group were enrolled. All subjects underwent a complete clinical and biochemical assessment (including white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), % of neutrophils (NEU%), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uric acid, fasting insulin, iron, ferritin, and transferrin levels). A significant association between inflammation markers (including WBC, PLT, MPV, NEU%, ferritin, CPR, and ESR) and OSAS was found (all p < 0.001). Children with OSAS also showed increased transaminase, glucose, uric acid, and insulin levels (all p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these findings suggested a worse cardiometabolic profile in non-obese children with OSAS. Given the pivotal pathogenic role of inflammation both for hypoxiemia and metabolic derangements, therapeutic strategies for OSAS might also counteract the increased cardiometabolic risk of these patients, by improving their long-term quality of life. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Pediatric OSAS has shown a close relationship with obesity and its cardiometabolic comorbidities. • Inflammation represents the hallmark of both obesity and OSAS. WHAT IS NEW: • Non obese children with OSAS presented with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile. • OSAS treatment might serve as an effective approach also for the increased cardiometabolic risk of these children.
Authors: Annelies Van Eyck; Kim Van Hoorenbeeck; Benedicte Y De Winter; Jose Ramet; Luc Van Gaal; Wilfried De Backer; Stijn L Verhulst Journal: Sleep Breath Date: 2013-09-03 Impact factor: 2.816