Arianna L Gianakos1, Julie A Freischlag2, Angela M Mercurio3, R Sterling Haring4, Dawn M LaPorte5, Mary K Mulcahey6, Lisa K Cannada7, John G Kennedy8. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard-Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA. Algianakos@gmail.com. 2. Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. 3. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. 5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. 7. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Novant Health Orthopaedics, Charlotte, NC, USA. 8. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The negative effects of bullying, discrimination, harassment, and sexual harassment (BDHS) on well-being and productivity of surgical residents in training have been well documented. Despite this, little has changed over the past decade and these behaviors continue. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of each abusive behavior experienced by residents, identify the perpetrators, and examine the reporting tendency. METHODS: A systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2020 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used: bullying, harassment, sexual harassment, discrimination, abuse, residency, surgery, orthopedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics, gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, and training. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies with 29,980 surgical residents were included. Sixty-three percent, 43, 29, and 27% of surgical residents experienced BDHS, respectively. Female residents reported experiencing all BDHS behaviors more often. Thirty-seven percent of resident respondents reported burnout, and 33% reported anxiety/depression. Attending surgeons, followed by senior co-residents, were the most common perpetrators. Seventy-one percent did not report the behavior to their institution. Fifty-one percent stated this was due to fear of retaliation. Of those who reported their experiences, 56% stated they had a negative experience reporting. CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrates high prevalence rates of BDHS experienced by residents during surgical training, which have been associated with burnout, anxiety, and depression. The majority of residents did not report BDHS due to fear of retaliation. Residency programs need to devise methods to have a platform for residents to safely voice their complaints.
BACKGROUND: The negative effects of bullying, discrimination, harassment, and sexual harassment (BDHS) on well-being and productivity of surgical residents in training have been well documented. Despite this, little has changed over the past decade and these behaviors continue. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of each abusive behavior experienced by residents, identify the perpetrators, and examine the reporting tendency. METHODS: A systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2020 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The following search terms were used: bullying, harassment, sexual harassment, discrimination, abuse, residency, surgery, orthopedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics, gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, and training. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies with 29,980 surgical residents were included. Sixty-three percent, 43, 29, and 27% of surgical residents experienced BDHS, respectively. Female residents reported experiencing all BDHS behaviors more often. Thirty-seven percent of resident respondents reported burnout, and 33% reported anxiety/depression. Attending surgeons, followed by senior co-residents, were the most common perpetrators. Seventy-one percent did not report the behavior to their institution. Fifty-one percent stated this was due to fear of retaliation. Of those who reported their experiences, 56% stated they had a negative experience reporting. CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrates high prevalence rates of BDHS experienced by residents during surgical training, which have been associated with burnout, anxiety, and depression. The majority of residents did not report BDHS due to fear of retaliation. Residency programs need to devise methods to have a platform for residents to safely voice their complaints.
Authors: Joshua Michael Clements; Martin King; Rebecca Nicholas; Oliver Burdall; Elizabeth Elsey; Vittoria Bucknall; Ayoola Awopetu; Helen Mohan; Gemma Humm; Deirdre M Nally Journal: Int J Surg Date: 2020-07-29 Impact factor: 6.071
Authors: DuyKhanh P Ceppa; Scott C Dolejs; Natalie Boden; Sean Phelan; Katherine J Yost; Jessica Donington; Keith S Naunheim; Shanda Blackmon Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2019-08-24 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Naif Fnais; Charlene Soobiah; Maggie Hong Chen; Erin Lillie; Laure Perrier; Mariam Tashkhandi; Sharon E Straus; Muhammad Mamdani; Mohammed Al-Omran; Andrea C Tricco Journal: Acad Med Date: 2014-05 Impact factor: 6.893
Authors: Yue-Yung Hu; Ryan J Ellis; D Brock Hewitt; Anthony D Yang; Elaine Ooi Cheung; Judith T Moskowitz; John R Potts; Jo Buyske; David B Hoyt; Thomas J Nasca; Karl Y Bilimoria Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2019-10-28 Impact factor: 91.245