Quantitative Determination of Primary Cilia Protein Distribution Using Immunofluorescence Staining and MATLAB Analysis.

Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles surrounded by membrane. They can detect mechanical and chemical stimuli. The last few years have uncovered cilia as unique signaling hubs that host a number of receptors and effector molecules. Thus, defining how specific proteins localize and are distributed along the cilium is critical to understanding its function. Quantitative immunofluorescence can be used to accurately assess the localization of receptors and signaling molecules within the primary cilia. However, image analysis can be time consuming, and there are limited programs that can accurately determine staining intensity along the cilia. To overcome these issues, we developed a series of MATLAB scripts to accurately measure staining intensity along the length of the cilia, in both a semi-automated and automated fashion. Here, we describe the scripts and include a protocol for image analysis for each. With these scripts, the protocols can be used to analyze the distribution of any ciliary protein using immunofluorescence images.