| Literature DB >> 35004470 |
Hyeun Soo Lee, Sook Jung Kang.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Caring for a vulnerable premature baby is a challenging task, but some mothers experience growth through that process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing post-traumatic growth in mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.Entities:
Keywords: Intensive care units, neonatal; Mothers; Post traumatic growth, psychological; Premature birth
Year: 2020 PMID: 35004470 PMCID: PMC8650941 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.2.267
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
General Characteristics of Premature Infants and Their Mothers (N=105)
| Variables | Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | M±SD | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | Age at childbirth (year) | <35 | 85 (81.0) | 31.41±3.63 | 20~39 |
| ≥35 | 20 (19.0) | ||||
| Marital status | Unmarried | 1 (1.0) | |||
| Married | 104 (99.0) | ||||
| Employment status | Employed | 33 (31.4) | |||
| Unemployed | 47 (44.8) | ||||
| Parental leave | 25 (23.8) | ||||
| Occupation type (n=58) | Permanent employee | 45 (77.6) | |||
| Contract worker | 7 (12.1) | ||||
| Part-time job | 6 (10.3) | ||||
| Education level | High school | 9 (8.6) | |||
| University | 82 (78.1) | ||||
| Graduate school | 14 (13.3) | ||||
| Religion | Yes | 48 (45.7) | |||
| Protestant | 21 (20.0) | ||||
| Catholic | 18 (17.1) | ||||
| Buddhist | 8 (7.6) | ||||
| Other | 1 (1.0) | ||||
| No | 57 (54.3) | ||||
| Monthly household income (10,000 won) | <100 | 2 (1.9) | |||
| 101~300 | 23 (21.9) | ||||
| 301~500 | 44 (41.9) | ||||
| 501~700 | 24 (22.9) | ||||
| >700 | 12 (11.4) | ||||
| Family type | Nuclear family | 88 (83.8) | |||
| With parents-in-law | 6 (5.7) | ||||
| With own parents | 10 (9.5) | ||||
| Other | 1 (1.0) | ||||
| Premature infant | Birth weight (g) | 1,577.5±666.0 | 520~3,500 | ||
| Hospital stay (day) | 58.0±53.4 | 7~365 | |||
| Multiple pregnancy | Singleton | 87 (82.9) | |||
| Female | 40 (38.1) | ||||
| Male | 47 (44.8) | ||||
| Multiplet | 18 (17.1) | ||||
| Birth order | First-born | 80 (76.2) | |||
| Later-born | 25 (23.8) | ||||
| Delivery type | Vaginal delivery | 32 (30.5) | |||
| Cesarean delivery | 73 (69.5) | ||||
| Intended pregnancy | Yes | 59 (56.2) | |||
| No | 46 (43.8) | ||||
| Infertility treatment | Yes | 24 (22.9) | |||
| No | 81 (77.1) |
Resilience, Social Support, and Post-traumatic Growth of Participants (N=105)
| Variables | M±SD | Possible range | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resilience | 61.51±11.99 | 0~100 | 33 | 89 |
| Social support | 4.01±0.69 | 1~5 | 2 | 5 |
| Support from family | 4.15±0.77 | 1~5 | 1 | 5 |
| Support from friends | 3.81±0.81 | 1~5 | 2 | 5 |
| Support from significant others | 4.16±0.73 | 1~5 | 2 | 5 |
| Post-traumatic growth | 57.38±13.30 | 0~80 | 17 | 80 |
Resilience, Social Support, and Post-traumatic Growth of Participants According to Their General Characteristics (N=105)
| Variables | Characteristics | Categories | Resilience | Social support | Post-traumatic growth | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | t or F ( | M±SD | t or F ( | M±SD | t or F ( | |||
| Mother | Age at childbirth (year) | <35 | 61.34±12.13 | 0.30 | 4.04±0.65 | 0.74 | 56.35±12.53 | 1.65 |
| ≥35 | 62.25±11.66 | (.762) | 3.91±0.85 | (.463) | 61.75±15.80 | (.103) | ||
| Employment status | Employed | 64.42±12.00 | 2.48 | 3.99±0.69 | 2.51 | 58.06±13.32 | 3.03 | |
| Unemployed | 58.72±12.40 | (.088) | 3.89±0.74 | (.086) | 54.34±14.18 | (.053) | ||
| Parental leave | 62.92±10.38 | 4.27±0.53 | 62.20±10.07 | |||||
| Occupation type (n=58) | Permanent employee | 64.32±10.33 | 0.27 | 4.19±0.59a | 3.76 | 59.25±11.29 | 0.39 | |
| Contract worker | 63.86±17.04 | (.764) | 4.01±0.63b | (.029) | 61.29±18.53 | (.682) | ||
| Part-time job | 61.13±10.76 | 3.56±0.67c | c<a | 63.13±10.45 | ||||
| Education level | ≤High school | 52.78±7.40 | 2.76 | 3.35±0.77a | 6.44 | 48.89±17.64 | 2.28 | |
| University | 62.50±11.60 | (.068) | 4.12±0.63b | (.002) | 57.80±12.29 | (.107) | ||
| Graduate school | 61.36±14.86 | 3.79±0.77c | a<b | 60.36±14.90 | ||||
| Religion | Yes | 61.96±12.44 | 0.35 | 3.98±0.64 | 0.46 | 59.88±13.50 | 1.78 | |
| No | 61.14±11.70 | (.730) | 4.04±0.73 | (.701) | 55.28±12.88 | (.078) | ||
| Premature infant | Sex | Female | 60.90±10.97 | 0.31 | 3.99±0.57 | .32 | 57.20±13.69 | 0.50 |
| Male | 60.08±12.91 | (.754) | 3.95±0.81 | (.750) | 55.77±12.90 | (.615) | ||
| Multiple pregnancy | Singleton | 60.46±11.99 | 2.01 | 3.96±0.71 | 1.37 | 56.43±13.16 | 1.63 | |
| Multiplet | 66.61±10.92 | (.047) | 4.21±0.58 | (.175) | 62.00±13.36 | (.106) | ||
| Birth order | First-born | 61.00±12.03 | 0.78 | 3.99±0.66 | 0.62 | 56.46±13.73 | 1.27 | |
| Later-born | 63.16±11.97 | (.435) | 4.09±0.79 | (.534) | 60.32±11.57 | (.207) | ||
| Delivery type | Vaginal delivery | 61.06±12.46 | 0.25 | 3.94±0.78 | 0.70 | 56.63±12.45 | 0.38 | |
| Cesarean delivery | 61.71±11.87 | (.800) | 4.04±0.65 | (.489) | 57.71±13.73 | (.702) | ||
| Intended pregnancy | Yes | 62.35±11.43 | 0.81 | 4.07±0.60 | 1.02 | 55.93±13.85 | 0.98 | |
| No | 60.43±12.73 | (.418) | 3.93±0.80 | (.309) | 58.51±12.86 | (.328) | ||
| Infertility treatment | Yes | 64.91±9.80 | 1.59 | 4.00±0.58 | 0.09 | 57.79±15.26 | 0.17 | |
| No | 60.51±12.45 | (.114) | 4.01±0.72 | (.929) | 57.26±12.77 | (.864) | ||
Correlations of the Investigated Variables (N=105)
| Variables | Post-traumatic growth | Resilience | Social support | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| r ( | r ( | r ( | ||
| Post-traumatic growth | 1 | |||
| Resilience | .63 (<.001) | 1 | ||
| Social support | .45 (<.001) | .61 (<.001) | 1 | |
| Premature infant | Birth weight (g) | .01 (.929) | .08 (.425) | .09 (.343) |
| Hospital stay (day) | .01 (.921) | .13 (.181) | .05 (.586) | |
Factors Influencing Post-traumatic Growth (N=105)
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | β | t ( | B | β | t ( | B | β | t ( | |
| (Constant) | 51.59 | 23.69 (<.001) | 13.30 | 2.56 (.012) | 9.93 | 1.59 (.114) | |||
| Age at childbirth (ref. <35) | 6.19 | .18 | 1.94 (.056) | 5.40 | .16 | 2.13 (.035) | 5.66 | .17 | 2.22 (.028) |
| Employment status (ref. unemployed) | |||||||||
| Employed | 4.20 | .15 | 1.44 (.154) | 0.19 | .01 | 0.08 (.936) | 0.37 | .01 | 0.16 (.877) |
| Parental leave | 8.57 | .28 | 2.70 (.008) | 5.55 | .18 | 2.18 (.031) | 5.14 | .17 | 1.99 (.049) |
| Birth order (ref. first-born) | |||||||||
| Later-born | 5.27 | .17 | 1.78 (.079) | 3.22 | .10 | 1.36 (.176) | 3.20 | .10 | 1.35 (.179) |
| Resilience | 0.67 | .60 | 7.81 (<.001) | 0.60 | .54 | 5.57 (<.001) | |||
| Social support | 1.83 | .10 | 0.98 (.328) | ||||||
| R2 (Adj. R2) | .112 (.076) | .450 (.422) | .455 (.422) | ||||||
| ΔR2 | .338 | .005 | |||||||
| F ( | 3.14 (.018) | 16.21 (<.001) | 13.66 (<.001) | ||||||