| Literature DB >> 35004467 |
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of social support of nursing students using a hybrid model and to derive a definition and attributes of social support through theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis stages.Entities:
Keywords: Concept formation; Nursing; Social support; Students
Year: 2020 PMID: 35004467 PMCID: PMC8650935 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.2.222
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Reference List for the Literature Review Related to Social Support of Nursing Students (N=29)
| No | Author | Year | Title | Extracted dimension and attributes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ingraham, Davidson, & Yonge | 2018 | Student-faculty relationships and its impact on academic outcomes | • | Educational support |
| • | Support from professors | ||||
| • | Professors' provision of a fair and empathetic relationship | ||||
| 2 | Kocalevent et al. | 2018 | Social support in the general population: standardization of the Oslo social support scale | • | Social network: number |
| • | Emotional support | ||||
| • | Material support | ||||
| 3 | Nick et al. | 2018 | The online social support scale: measure development and validation | • | Self-esteem support |
| • | Emotional support | ||||
| • | Informational support | ||||
| • | Instrumental (material) support | ||||
| 4 | Warshawski, Itzhaki, & Barnoy | 2018 | The associations between peer caring behaviors and social support to nurse students' caring perceptions | • | Peers' academic support |
| • | Peers' emotional support | ||||
| • | Social network: size, number | ||||
| • | Family's emotional support | ||||
| 5 | Arribas-Marin, Hernandez-Franco, & Plumed-Moreno | 2017 | Nursing students' perception of academic support in the practicum: development of a reliable and valid measurement instrument | • | Educational support |
| • | Peers' support | ||||
| • | Preceptor support | ||||
| • | Support from clinical instructors | ||||
| • | Support from the university | ||||
| 6 | Jacobs | 2017 | A scoping review examining nursing student peer mentorship | • | Social network: size, contact frequency |
| • | Seniors' academic support | ||||
| 7 | Walker et al. | 2016 | Indicators of undergraduate nursing students' satisfaction with their learning journey: an integrative review | • | Educational support |
| • | Support from professors | ||||
| • | Clinical agency staff support | ||||
| • | Family support | ||||
| • | Learning support from the university | ||||
| 8 | Foster, Ooms, & Marks-Maran | 2015 | Nursing students' expectations and experiences of mentorship | • | Support from clinical instructors |
| • | Support from mentors | ||||
| • | Support by providing a role model | ||||
| 9 | Ooms et al. | 2013 | Providing learning support to nursing students: a study of two universities | • | Educational support |
| • | Support from professors | ||||
| • | Support from clinical instructors | ||||
| • | Learning support from the university | ||||
| 10 | Gidman et al. | 2011 | Student perceptions of support in practice | • | Support from mentors |
| • | Family support | ||||
| • | Friend support | ||||
| • | Support from clinical instructors | ||||
| 11 | Price et al. | 2011 | Supporting students in clinical practice: Pre-registration nursing students' views on the role of the lecturer | • | Educational support for clinical practice |
| • | Emotional support | ||||
| • | Mentos' support | ||||
| 12 | Park | 2010 | A content analysis of teachers' social support expected by elementary school students | • | Emotional support |
| • | Informational support | ||||
| • | Behavioral support | ||||
| 13 | Lett et al. | 2009 | Dimensions of social support and depression in patients at increased psychosocial risk recovering from myocardial infarction | • | Emotional support |
| • | Social network | ||||
| • | Dimensions: structural and functional | ||||
| 14 | Oh et al. | 2008 | Psychometric evaluation of the Korean social support questionnaire | • | Feeling of connectedness: empathy, acceptance, trust |
| • | Faith: dependence, endurable | ||||
| • | Aid: material support | ||||
| 15 | Kim | 2005 | The theory of a conceptual definition and the effect of social support, and the methodological issues of the effect of social support | • | Dimensions: structural and functional |
| • | Structural dimension: social network | ||||
| • | Functional dimension: emotional, material, informational support | ||||
| 16 | Lee | 2005 | Social support and alcoholics | • | Family support |
| • | Friend support | ||||
| • | Consequences of social support: positive effect | ||||
| 17 | Kim & Kim | 2001 | Social support: a concept analysis | • | Social network support: size, number, contact frequency |
| • | Emotional support | ||||
| • | Informational support | ||||
| • | Material support | ||||
| • | Personal relationship support | ||||
| • | Positive evaluation support | ||||
| 18 | Lee | 2001 | A social support measure: reliability and validity | • | Social network: size, number, frequency |
| 19 | Lee | 2001 | The elderly and social support | • | Emotional support |
| • | Instrumental (material) support | ||||
| • | Informational support | ||||
| 20 | Kim et al. | 2000 | A concept analysis of social support | • | Emotional attention |
| • | Provision of information | ||||
| • | Positive appraisal support | ||||
| • | Material support | ||||
| • | Antecedents of social support: stressful situation | ||||
| • | Consequences of social support: increased adaptation, coping, health promotion, and quality of life | ||||
| 21 | Timmerman, Emanuels-Zuurveen, & Emmelkamp | 2000 | The social support inventory (SSI): a brief scale to assess perceived adequacy of social support | • | Emotional support |
| • | Informational support | ||||
| • | Instrumental (material) support | ||||
| • | Self-esteem support | ||||
| 22 | Oh et al. | 1999 | Identification of attributes constituting Korean social support | • | Affection, love, faith, belief |
| • | Emotional support | ||||
| • | Material support | ||||
| 23 | Macdonald | 1998 | Development of a social support scale: an evaluation of psychometric properties | • | Emotional support |
| • | Appraisal support | ||||
| • | Informational support | ||||
| • | Material support | ||||
| • | Family support | ||||
| • | Friend support | ||||
| 24 | Nolten | 1994 | Conceptualization and measurement of social support: the development of the student social support scale | • | Emotional support |
| • | Informational support | ||||
| • | Appraisal support | ||||
| • | Material support | ||||
| • | Support from family, teachers, and friends | ||||
| 25 | Power, Champion, & Aris | 1988 | The development of a measure of social support: the significant others scale | • | Emotional support |
| • | Practical support | ||||
| 26 | Zimet et al. | 1988 | The multidimensional scale of perceived social support | • | Family support |
| • | Friends' support | ||||
| • | Significant others' support | ||||
| 27 | House & Kahn | 1985 | Measures and concepts of social support | • | Emotional support |
| • | Appraisal support | ||||
| • | Informational support | ||||
| • | Instrumental (material) support | ||||
| 28 | Park | 1985 | A study to development a scale of social support | • | Emotional support |
| • | Material support | ||||
| • | Appraisal support | ||||
| 29 | Barrera, Sandler, & Ramsay | 1981 | Preliminary development of a scale of social support: studies on college students | • | Social network: contact frequency |
| • | Family support | ||||
Figure 1.Flow diagram of fieldwork stage.
Components of Social Support of Nursing Students Defined in the Theoretical Stage
| Dimension | Attributes | Indicators | Related references list[ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural dimension | Social network support | • | Size and contact frequency of the social network | References No. |
| 2, 4, 6, 13~18, 26, 29 | ||||
| Functional dimension | Educational support | • | Support from professors | References No. |
| • | Support from head nurses or preceptors | 1, 4~11 | ||
| • | Support from clinical instructors | |||
| • | Support from seniors | |||
| • | Support from the university | |||
| • | Support from family | |||
| • | Support from friends | |||
| Emotional support | • | Support from family | References No. | |
| • | Support from friends | 2~4, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19~23, 25, 27, 28 | ||
| Informational support | • | Provision of information or advice | References No. | |
| 3, 12, 15, 17, 19~21, 23, 24, 27 | ||||
| Economic support | • | Economic or material or instrumental | References No. | |
| • | support | 2, 3, 14, 15, 17, 19~24, 27, 28 | ||
| Positive evaluation support | • | Positive evaluation or appraisal of oneself | References No. | |
| 17, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28 | ||||
| Self-esteem support | • | Degree of respect | References No. | |
| 3, 21 | ||||
| Support by providing a role model | • | Provision of a role model | References No. | |
| 1, 8 | ||||
Reference list numbers are given in Table 1.
Components of Social Support of Nursing Students Defined in the Fieldwork Stage
| Indicators | Attributes | Dimension | |
|---|---|---|---|
| • | Daily contact with family, professors, school friends, seniors and juniors, and occasional contact with friends outside of school or hometown friends | Social network support | Structural |
| • | Professors' counseling and guidance related to classes, credits, and studying | Educational support | Functional |
| • | Head nurses' clinical practice orientation and assistance in providing direct nursing | ||
| • | Clinical instructors' support in case studies, conferences, and clinical practice guidance | ||
| • | Seniors' support of academic and clinical practice | ||
| • | University learning support | ||
| • | Family's trust and emotional support | Emotional support | |
| • | Emotional support and stress relief from friends | ||
| • | Information provided by internet resources, books, friends from the same department, and friends from other schools to solve problems | Informational support | |
| • | Financial support from parents and material support for scholarships, qualification fees, English studying, self-directed learning, and overseas training from university | Economic support | |
| • | Encouragment from friends and patients, and praise from nurses and professors | Positive evaluation support | |
| • | Experience of being respected by close younger students and friends | Self-esteem support | |
| • | Experience of perceiving the ideal role model that the student would like to become in the future | Support by providing a role model | |
Components of Social Support of Nursing Students Defined in the Final Stage
| Dimension | Attributes | Indicators | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural | Social network support | • | Size and contact frequency of social network | |
| - Family: daily or sometimes | ||||
| - Professor: daily or sometimes | ||||
| - School friend: almost everyday | ||||
| - Friends outside school: sometimes | ||||
| - Seniors and juniors: sometimes | ||||
| Functional | Educational support | • | Support from professors | |
| - Provision of academic support | ||||
| • | Support from head nurses | |||
| - Provision of nursing practice | ||||
| - Provision of clinical training | ||||
| • | Support from clinical instructors | |||
| - Provision of case study information | ||||
| - Provision of clinical practice guideline | ||||
| • | Support from seniors | |||
| - Provision of clinical practice | ||||
| - Provision of academic support | ||||
| • | Support from the university | |||
| - Provision of academic support | ||||
| Emotional support | • | Support from family | ||
| - Emotional support | ||||
| - Trust | ||||
| • | Support from friends | |||
| - Emotional support | ||||
| - Relieve stress | ||||
| Informational support | • | Information support for problem-solving | ||
| - Support from internet resources | ||||
| - Support from colleagues at other schools | ||||
| - Support from books | ||||
| - Support from friends in the nursing department | ||||
| Economic support | • | Material support | ||
| - Scholarship support | ||||
| - Support for certification fee | ||||
| - Support for studying English | ||||
| - Self-directed learning support | ||||
| - Overseas training support | ||||
| - Parental financial support | ||||
| Positive evaluation support | • | Encouragement and praise for oneself | ||
| - Encouragement from friends and patients | ||||
| - Praise from nurses and professors | ||||
| Self-esteem support | • | Experience of respect | ||
| - Respected by close younger students | ||||
| - Respected by friends | ||||
| Support by providing a role model | • | Experience of having the ideal role model | ||
| - Experience with head nurses | ||||
| - Experience with professors | ||||
| - Experience with clinical instructors | ||||