| Literature DB >> 35004461 |
So Ra Kang, Haeryun Cho, Shin-Jeong Kim.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate empathy, awareness, and attitudes toward violence among elementary school students.Entities:
Keywords: Child; Empathy; Schools; Violence
Year: 2020 PMID: 35004461 PMCID: PMC8650936 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.2.164
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Figure 1.The flow diagram of the research procedure.
Characteristics of Participants (N=195)
| Classification | Categories | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Grade | 5th | 93 (47.7) |
| 6th | 102 (52.3) | |
| Gender | Male | 89 (45.6) |
| Female | 106 (54.4) | |
| Sibling | ≥1 | 169 (86.7) |
| None | 26 (13.3) | |
| Birth order[ | 1st | 103 (52.8) |
| 2nd | 71 (36.4) | |
| 3rd | 18 (9.2) | |
| Family type | Nuclear | 173 (88.7) |
| Extended | 22 (11.3) | |
| Need for education on violence prevention | Yes | 146 (74.9) |
| No | 49 (25.1) | |
| Experience of violence prevention education | Yes | 190 (97.4) |
| No | 5 (2.6) | |
| Resources for prevention of violence[ | School | 181 (92.8) |
| Media[ | 92 (47.2) | |
| Parents | 67 (34.4) | |
| Friends | 16 (8.2) | |
| Siblings | 7 (3.6) | |
| Others | 6 (3.1) |
Participants with missing data were not included;
Multiple response;
Television, internet, smartphone.
Scores for Variables among Elementary Students (N=195)
| Variables | Categories | M±SD | Range | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empathy | 2.96±0.43 | 1~4 | -0.17 | -0.61 | |
| Violence awareness | 3.45±0.61 | 1~5 | -0.02 | -0.58 | |
| Attitude towards violence | Permissive attitude | 2.18±0.73 | 1~5 | 0.55 | -0.21 |
| Neglectful attitude | 1.91±0.54 | 1~4 | 0.34 | -0.45 |
Difference in Participants' Empathy, Violence Awareness and Attitudes towards Violence According to Their Characteristics (N=195)
| Characteristics | Categories | Empathy | Violence awareness | Attitude towards violence | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permissive attitude | Neglectful attitude | ||||||||
| M±SD | t or F ( | M±SD | t or F ( | M±SD | t or F ( | M±SD | t or F ( | ||
| Grade | 5th | 2.98±0.42 | 0.85 | 3.42±0.61 | 0.68 | 2.06±0.74 | 2.29 | 1.79±0.49 | 2.98 |
| 6th | 3.09±0.39 | (.398) | 3.48±0.61 | (.500) | 2.30±0.70 | (.023) | 2.02±0.57 | (.003) | |
| Gender | Male | 2.80±0.42 | 4.99 | 3.50±0.60 | 1.00 | 2.28±0.74 | 1.64 | 1.95±0.58 | 1.08 |
| Female | 3.09±0.39 | (<.001) | 3.41±0.61 | (.317) | 2.11±0.71 | (.103) | 1.87±0.51 | (.282) | |
| Sibling | Have | 2.98±0.42 | 1.67 | 3.47±0.60 | 1.13 | 2.17±0.73 | 0.54 | 1.89±0.52 | 1.18 |
| None | 2.83±0.45 | (.096) | 3.33±0.64 | (.261) | 2.26±0.69 | (.590) | 2.02±0.67 | (.238) | |
| Birth order | 1st | 2.97±0.41 | 0.02 | 3.43±0.62 | 0.22 | 2.23±0.73 | 2.32 | 1.94±0.57 | 2.55 |
| 2nd | 2.96±0.42 | (.985) | 3.48±0.58 | (.800) | 2.21±0.69 | (.101) | 1.95±0.54 | (.081) | |
| 3rd | 2.97±0.56 | 3.51±0.67 | 1.84±0.76 | 1.64±0.37 | |||||
| Family type | Nuclear | 2.97±0.41 | 0.85 | 3.47±0.60 | 1.29 | 2.18±0.73 | 0.29 | 1.93±0.55 | 1.36 |
| Extended | 2.89±0.53 | (.399) | 3.30±0.65 | (.200) | 2.23±0.68 | (.771) | 1.76±0.44 | (.175) | |
| Educational needs | Yes | 3.03±0.42 | 4.38 | 3.43±0.60 | 0.84 | 2.07±0.67 | 2.94 | 1.86±0.54 | 2.22 |
| No | 2.74±0.37 | (<.001) | 3.52±0.62 | (.402) | 2.49±0.58 | (.004) | 2.05±0.54 | (.028) | |
Correlations among Participants' Empathy, Violence Awareness and Attitudes towards Violence (N=195)
| Variables | Categories | Empathy | Violence awareness |
|---|---|---|---|
| r ( | r ( | ||
| Violence awareness | .12 (.097) | 1 | |
| Attitude towards violence | Permissive attitude | -.26 (<.001) | .02 (.803) |
| Neglectful attitude | -.24 (.001) | -.01 (.916) |