| Literature DB >> 35004459 |
Abstract
PURPOSE: This mixed-methods study was conducted to compare and analyze the perceptions of children and their parents regarding the meaning of the children's life.Entities:
Keywords: Child; Life; Parents
Year: 2020 PMID: 35004459 PMCID: PMC8650929 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2020.26.2.140
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Figure 1.Research process of this study: Sequential explanatory design.
Difference of the Degree of Meaning of Life between Children and Parents (N=230)
| Variables | Characteristic | Categories | n (%) or M±SD | t or F |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children (n=115) | School grade | 4th | 36 (31.4) | 0.54 | .583 |
| 5th | 52 (45.2) | ||||
| 6th | 27 (23.4) | ||||
| Gender | Male | 62 (53.9) | 0.23 | .816 | |
| Female | 53 (46.1) | ||||
| Number of siblings | 1 | 23 (20.0) | 2.73 | .069 | |
| 2 | 69 (60.0) | ||||
| 3 | 23 (20.0) | ||||
| Sibling order | 1st | 67 (58.3) | 0.47 | .624 | |
| 2nd | 37 (32.2) | ||||
| 3rd | 11 (9.5) | ||||
| Parents (n=115) | Age (year) | 30~39 | 20 (17.4) | 0.02 | .985 |
| 40~49 | 81 (70.4) | ||||
| 50~59 | 14 (12.2) | ||||
| 43.9±4.9 | |||||
| Gender | Female | 105 (91.3) | 1.68 | .565 | |
| Male | 10 (8.7) | ||||
| Religion | Protestant | 100 (87.0) | 0.53 | .660 | |
| Buddhist | 3 (2.6) | ||||
| Catholic | 1 (0.9) | ||||
| Other | 11 (9.5) | ||||
| Parents desired characteristics related to parenting (n=115) | The most valuable thing about parenting[ | Trusting relationship | 27 (34.2) | - | - |
| Spiritual health | 15 (19.1) | - | - | ||
| Love | 12 (15.2) | - | - | ||
| Happiness | 8 (10.1) | - | - | ||
| Health | 7 (8.7) | - | - | ||
| Personality | 4 (5.1) | - | - | ||
| Reading, being self-led, power of mind, self-esteem, dream finding, talent discovery[ | 1 (7.6) | - | - | ||
| The most valuable thing about my child's life[ | Happiness | 13 (16.9) | - | - | |
| Health | 12 (15.6) | - | - | ||
| Faith | 11 (14.3) | - | - | ||
| Consideration | 9 (11.7) | - | - | ||
| Love | 8 (10.4) | - | - | ||
| Doing what he/she wants to do | 7 (9.1) | - | - | ||
| Personality, family's belief[ | 5 (12.9) | - | - | ||
| Sincerity | 4 (5.2) | - | - | ||
| Friendship | 2 (2.6) | - | - | ||
| Education | 1 (1.3) | - | - | ||
| The most valuable factors when raising children[ | Faith | 21 (21.6) | - | - | |
| Personality | 15 (15.5) | - | - | ||
| Efforts toward dreams | 12 (12.4) | - | - | ||
| Happiness | 11 (11.3) | - | - | ||
| Love, relationship[ | 8 (16.5) | - | - | ||
| Sincerity | 7 (7.2) | - | - | ||
| Self-esteem, health[ | 4 (8.3) | - | - | ||
| Sympathy, studies[ | 3 (6.2) | - | - | ||
| Judgment | 1 (1.0) | - | - |
Multiple answers and missing data were excluded;
Each one.
Comparison of the Degree of Meaning of Life between Children and Parents (N=230)
| Factors | Contents | Children | Parents | MD | t | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | M±SD | |||||
| Relational experiences | 1. I (my child) would rather have many goods than short. | 3.29±0.54 | 3.50±0.58 | 0.21 | 2.93 | .004 |
| 2. I (my child) am the kind of person who is really important for my family members and others. | 3.61±0.60 | 3.86±0.34 | 0.25 | 3.89 | <.001 | |
| 3. I (my child) like my character. | 3.24±0.77 | 3.20±0.61 | 0.04 | 0.30 | .762 | |
| 4. I (my child) think I am popular among friends of my age. | 2.85±0.87 | 3.21±0.67 | 0.36 | 3.56 | <.001 | |
| 10. I have many memories to be happy about. There are many things around my child that make him or her happy. | 3.52±0.61 | 3.73±0.46 | 0.21 | 3.04 | .003 | |
| 11. I (my child) have truly loved somebody. | 3.40±0.67 | 3.55±0.56 | 0.15 | 2.02 | .045 | |
| Sub-total | 3.32±0.44 | 3.51±0.34 | 0.19 | 3.80 | <.001 | |
| Satisfaction/hope | 5. I am satisfied with my gender. I like that my child is a girl (or boy). | 3.62±0.69 | 3.66±0.54 | 0.04 | 0.53 | .598 |
| 6. I (my child) think difficulties are always followed by good things. | 3.14±0.85 | 3.49±0.56 | 0.35 | 3.75 | <.001 | |
| 7. I (my child) think everyday life depends on me. | 3.31±0.69 | 3.47±0.55 | 0.16 | 1.90 | .059 | |
| 12. I (my child) want many things to do. | 3.60±0.66 | 3.50±0.56 | 0.10 | 1.79 | .240 | |
| 13. There are many things to enjoy. There are many things to enjoy around my child. | 3.12±0.90 | 3.20±0.63 | 0.08 | 0.76 | .448 | |
| 15. I (my child) have a purpose in life. | 3.54±0.70 | 3.34±0.62 | 0.20 | 2.13 | .034 | |
| Sub-total | 3.39±0.45 | 3.44±0.37 | 0.05 | 1.09 | .277 | |
| Experience of family love | 8. I love my family members who surround me. | 3.77±0.53 | 3.73±0.46 | 0.04 | 0.53 | .599 |
| 9. My family members love me. My family loves our children. | 3.74±0.57 | 3.84±0.36 | 0.10 | 1.64 | .104 | |
| Sub-total | 3.75±0.49 | 3.78±0.36 | 0.03 | 0.60 | .548 | |
| Pursuit of goal | 16. I (my child) am the kind of person who seeks out work. | 2.87±0.83 | 2.89±0.68 | 0.02 | 0.26 | .795 |
| 17. I (my child) do whatever it takes to accomplish my goal. | 3.12±0.76 | 2.95±0.69 | 0.17 | 1.72 | .087 | |
| 18. I (my child) am faithfully devoted to my tasks. | 3.09±0.73 | 3.14±0.65 | 0.05 | 0.67 | .506 | |
| 19. I (my child) am doing what I always wanted to do. | 2.92±0.87 | 3.00±0.64 | 0.08 | 0.77 | .440 | |
| Sub-total | 3.00±0.61 | 3.00±0.51 | 0.00 | 0.00 | <.999 | |
| Positive attitude | 14. With love, many difficulties can be overcome. My child believes that love has power. | 3.29±0.71 | 3.52±0.50 | 0.23 | 2.81 | .004 |
| 20. I (my child) feel grateful for even very trivial matters. | 3.30±0.70 | 3.24±0.55 | 0.06 | 0.73 | .465 | |
| 21. I (my child) feel very grateful to be alive. | 3.27±0.78 | 3.00±0.60 | 0.27 | 2.93 | .004 | |
| 22. I (my child) often smile. | 3.35±0.69 | 3.27±0.66 | 0.08 | 0.78 | .438 | |
| 23. I (my child) can help people who are poorer than me. | 3.21±0.67 | 3.43±0.56 | 0.22 | 2.77 | .006 | |
| Sub-total | 3.28±0.48 | 3.29±0.41 | 0.01 | 0.21 | .836 | |
| Total | 3.31±0.39 | 3.38±0.32 | 0.07 | 1.60 | .112 |
Content Analysis of the Meaning of Children's Life as Perceived by Children and Mothers (N=30)
| Factors | Themes | Children's perspective (n=12) | Mother's perspective (n=18) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-theme | n (%) | Sub-theme | n (%) | ||
| Relational experiences | Awareness of strong points | Thinking that one has a lot of strong points | 10 (12.7) | Clearly acknowledging one's own strong points | 4 (5.0) |
| Thinking that one does not have any strong points | 2 (2.6) | Not perceiving one's own strong points as advantages | 3 (3.3) | ||
| Helping to turn weak points into strong points | 3 (3.3) | ||||
| Recognizing oneself as a precious being | Recognizing oneself as a precious being | 13 (16.6) | Being happy when the child expresses and sympathizes | 2 (2.1) | |
| Expressing loneliness because there is no one to play with | 7 (8.9) | Having unconditional regard for one's own child | 4 (5.0) | ||
| Appreciating the presence of one's parents when one needs something | 4 (5.0) | ||||
| Not being with the child due to work | 2 (2.1) | ||||
| Relationships with friends | Not needing friends | 1 (1.3) | Worrying about the child not having enough time for studying because he/She plays with many friends | 4 (5.0) | |
| Having difficulty making friends due to intense study | 1 (1.3) | Worrying about the child not having many friends | 3 (3.3) | ||
| Parents not wanting their children to play with friends | 1 (1.3) | Being concerned about the personalities of their children's friends | 3 (3.3) | ||
| Enjoying friendship | 1 (1.3) | Being concerned about negative effect on studying | 1 (1.0) | ||
| Having difficulties because of friends | 1 (1.3) | Worrying about dangerous social environment outside of home | 1 (1.0) | ||
| Wanting to have time for oneself | 1 (1.0) | ||||
| Wanting to make as many friends as possible | 1 (1.0) | ||||
| Happy memories | Not having many happy memories | 3 (3.8) | Looking happy when doing things the child likes | 4 (5.0) | |
| Being happy when the child does things he/she likes | 1 (1.3) | Having less joy because of living in abundance | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Being happy when the child does what he/she wants | 1 (1.3) | Looking joyful only when playing | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Being happy when watching a performance or playing games the child likes | 1 (1.3) | Trying to remember what the child likes | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Being happy when doing things the child likes | 1 (1.3) | Trying to make many pleasant memories | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Being happy when receiving family attention | 1 (1.3) | ||||
| Liking people | Not having enough time to spend with others | 1 (1.3) | Being concerned about lack of emotional expression | 3 (3.3) | |
| Trying to express and empathize | 2 (2.1) | ||||
| Satisfadion/hope | Experiencing difficulty | Wanting to do what I like though it may be difficult | 4 (5.1) | Not willing to do what looks difficult to do | 2 (2.1) |
| Avoiding hard work | 1 (1.3) | Not having the opportunity to experience hardship | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Dreams and goals | Having dreams I want | 9 (11.5) | Ignoring the child's dreams | 2 (2.1) | |
| Not having the chance to think about dreams | 1 (1.3) | Respecting that choices made by the child | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Discovering dreams together | 2 (2.1) | ||||
| Positive attitude | Experiencing love | When I talk a lot with my parents | 3 (3.8) | Seeming to feel love when the child needs it | 4 (5.0) |
| When my parents hug me | 3 (3.8) | Liking every one with a good temperament | 3 (3.3) | ||
| When my parents help me when I am in trouble | 2 (2.6) | Saying “I love you” frequently | 3 (3.3) | ||
| Too much attention making the child uncomfortable | 1 (1.3) | Wanting to learn about having a loving heart | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Appreciating life | Being thankful for not having an accident and a safe landing when flying | 1 (1.3) | Thinking that the child does not having enough appreciation | 4 (5.0) | |
| Feeling safe while the family is traveling together | 1 (1.3) | Educating oneself inten仕onally to be more thankful | 3 (3.3) | ||
| When a puppy gave birth safely | 1 (1.3) | ||||
| Being comforted in difficult situa仕ons | 1 (1.3) | ||||
| When remembering things that the child likes | 1 (1.3) | ||||
| Not being scolded for my mistakes | 1 (1.3) | ||||
| Helping people who are poorer than me | Thinking that helping people is for adults | 1 (1.3) | Not wanting their children to help others in dangerous situations | 2 (2.1) | |
| Thinking that people should do their own work by themselves | 1 (1.3) | Not thinking much about offering help | 2 (2.1) | ||
| Not having much experience of offering helps | 2 (2.1) | ||||
| Making the opportunity to do volunteer work together | 1 (1.0) | ||||
| 78 (100.0) | 89 (100.0) | ||||