| Literature DB >> 35004439 |
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting health promotion behaviors in late school-aged children by establishing a hypothetical model based on the planned behavior theory.Entities:
Keywords: Child health; Health behavior; Health promotion; Primary school
Year: 2019 PMID: 35004439 PMCID: PMC8650983 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2019.25.4.477
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Descriptive Statistics of the Variables (N=319)
| Variables | Categories | Range | Min | Max | M±SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attitude | -24~24 | -3.00 | 24.00 | 19.36±6.08 | -1.59 | 2.14 | |
| Subjective norms | -12~12 | -11.00 | 12.00 | 8.92±3.76 | -1.58 | 3.25 | |
| Perceived behavioral control | -12~12 | -6.00 | 12.00 | 9.24±3.36 | -1.63 | 2.93 | |
| Health knowledge | Disease control and health care | 0~1 | 0.29 | 1.00 | 0.86±0.16 | -1.23 | 1.16 |
| Sex and health | 0~1 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.70±0.24 | -0.57 | -0.26 | |
| Mental health | 0~1 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.70±0.25 | -0.73 | 0.16 | |
| Accident prevention and first aid | 0~1 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.78±0.21 | -1.05 | 1.00 | |
| Total | 0~1 | 0.17 | 1.00 | 0.77±0.15 | -0.85 | 0.94 | |
| Self-esteem | 1~5 | 1.88 | 5.00 | 4.26±0.65 | -0.75 | -0.02 | |
| Intention | -9~9 | -4.00 | 9.00 | 7.47±2.28 | -1.74 | 3.09 | |
| Health promotion behaviors | Disease control and health care | 1~5 | 2.36 | 5.00 | 4.11±0.54 | -0.47 | -0.37 |
| Sex and health | 1~5 | 1.40 | 5.00 | 3.97±0.69 | -0.34 | -0.11 | |
| Mental health | 1~5 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 4.35±0.62 | -1.02 | 0.43 | |
| Accident prevention and first aid | 1~5 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 4.12±0.66 | -0.50 | -0.58 | |
| Total | 1~5 | 1.94 | 5.00 | 4.14±0.63 | -0.58 | -0.16 |
Correlations among the Measured Variables (N=319)
| Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Tolerance | VIF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r ( | r ( | r ( | r ( | r ( | r ( | r ( | |||
| 1. Self-esteem | 1 | .61 | 1.64 | ||||||
| 2. Attitude | .49 (<.001) | 1 | .47 | 2.13 | |||||
| 3. Subjective norms | .33 (<.001) | .55 (<.001) | 1 | .62 | 1.20 | ||||
| 4. Perceived behavior control | .52 (<.001) | .63 (<.001) | .53 (<.001) | 1 | .44 | 2.28 | |||
| 5. Health knowledge | .24 (<.001) | .34 (<.001) | .21 (<.001) | .24 (<.001) | 1 | .79 | 1.27 | ||
| 6. Intention | .50 (<.001) | .56 (<.001) | .47 (<.001) | .62 (<.001) | .27 (<.001) | 1 | .53 | 1.88 | |
| 7. Health promotion behaviors | .50 (<.001) | .49 (<.001) | .41 (<.001) | .52 (<.001) | .33 (<.001) | .62 (<.001) | 1 |
VIF=Variance inflation factor.
Goodness for Fit Tests (N=319)
| Goodness | RMSEA | GFI | AGFI | NFI | TLI | CFI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypothetical structural model | 676.26 (<.001) | 2.04 | .06 | .86 | .83 | .88 | .93 | .94 |
| Modified structural model | 550.52 (<.001) | 1.67 | .05 | .89 | .86 | .91 | .95 | .96 |
RMSEA=Root mean square error of approximation; GFI=Goodness of fit index; AGFI=Adjusted goodness of fit index; NFI=Normal fit index; TLI=Tucker Lewis index; CFI=Comparative fit index.
Standardized Estimates, CR, SMC, and Standardized Direct, Indirect, and Total Effects for the Modified Model (N=319)
| Endogenous variables | Exogenous variables | β | SE | CR (p) | SMC | Direct effect ( | Indirect effect ( | Total effect ( |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intention | Attitude | .06 | .10 | 0.73 (.468) | .576 | .06 (.468) | - | .06 (.468) |
| Subjective norms | .14 | .05 | 2.15 (.032) | .14 (.032) | - | .14 (.032) | ||
| Perceived behavioral control | .52 | .11 | 5.70 (<.001) | .52 (<.001) | - | .52 (<.001) | ||
| Health knowledge | .06 | .23 | 1.09 (.276) | .06 (.276) | - | .06 (.276) | ||
| Self-esteem | .13 | .06 | 2.30 (.021) | .13 (.021) | - | .13 (.021) | ||
| Health promotion behaviors | Attitude | .44 | .04 | 5.54 (<.001) | .617 | - | .03 (.555) | .03 (.555) |
| Subjective norms | - | - | - | - | .06 (.041) | .06 (.041) | ||
| Perceived behavioral control | .15 | .05 | 1.89 (.058) | .15 (.058) | .23 (.001) | .38 (.001) | ||
| Health knowledge | .16 | .12 | 2.84 (.004) | .16 (.004) | .03 (.005) | .19 (.005) | ||
| Self-esteem | .22 | .03 | 3.89 (<.001) | .22 (<.001) | .06 (.001) | .28 (.001) | ||
| Intention | - | - | - | .44 (<.001) | - | .44 (<.001) |
β=Standardized estimate; SE=Standardized error; CR=Critical ratio; SMC=Squared multiple correlation.
Figure 1.Path diagram of the modified model.