| Literature DB >> 35004432 |
Hyunsook Shin, Yu-Nah Lee, Suk Jeong Lee, Youn Kyoung Jang.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Children in migrant villages in Kyrgyzstan have a high incidence of anemia and need effective health promotion programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a pilot study of a health promotion project for infants and toddlers based on community participation.Entities:
Keywords: Child health; Community-based participatory research; Health promotion; Program evaluation
Year: 2019 PMID: 35004432 PMCID: PMC8650993 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2019.25.4.406
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Fig. 1.Research process.
Characteristics Related to the Nutritional Status of Children (N=85)
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or M±SD |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 42 (49.4) |
| Female | 43 (50.6) | |
| Age at baseline (month) | 6~12 | 52 (61.2) |
| 13~26 | 33 (38.8) | |
| Birth body weight (g) | Normal birth weight (2,500~4,000) | 71 (83.5) |
| Low birth weight (<2,500) | 6 (7.1) | |
| High birth weight (>4,000) | 8 (9.4) | |
| 3,340.1±558.7 | ||
| Premature birth | Yes | 16 (18.8) |
| No | 69 (81.2) | |
| Present body weight (percentile) | Appropriate range (5~95) | 58 (68.2) |
| <5 | 1 (1.2) | |
| >95 | 26 (30.6) | |
| 10.5±1.6 | ||
| Present height (percentile) | Appropriate range (5~95) | 63 (74.1) |
| <5 | 8 (9.4) | |
| >95 | 14 (16.5) | |
| 77.0±14.9 | ||
| Present head circumference (percentile) | Appropriate range (5~95) | 69 (81.2) |
| <5 | 4 (4.7) | |
| >95 | 12 (14.1) | |
| 45.6±2.1 | ||
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | Anemia (<11.0) | 57 (67.1) |
| Normal (≥11.0) | 28 (32.9) |
Child Health Promotion Projects and Risk Factors According to Changes in Anemia Status (N=85)
| Variables | Categories | Total | Group1 | Group2 | Group3 | Group4 |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| NN[ | NA[ | AN[ | AA[ | ||||
| n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | ||||
| Child health promotion projects | Number of health check-ups | 3.5±0.7 | 3.8±0.6 | 2.5±0.7 | 3.7±0.5 | 3.7±0.6 | 15.64 | <.001[ |
| Received a voucher for iron supplements | 36 (42.4) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (33.3) | 10 (43.5) | 22 (64.7) | - | - | |
| Health awareness improvement activities | ||||||||
| Home visitation by CHWs | 46 (54.1) | 10 (62.5) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (26.1) | 22 (64.7) | 8.99 | .029 | |
| Parents' self-help meeting | 32 (37.6) | 9 (56.3) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (17.4) | 19 (55.9) | 11.15[ | .008 | |
| Health class with CHWs | 17 (20.0) | 9 (56.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (13.0) | 5 (14.7) | 13.67[ | .002 | |
| Health fair participation | 24 (28.2) | 6 (37.5) | 1 (8.3) | 5 (21.7) | 12 (35.3) | 4.25 | .233 | |
| Changes in hemoglobin level | Pre-Hb | 10.0±1.9 | 12.1±0.8 | 12.5±1.6 | 8.6±1.0 | 9.0±0.9 | - | - |
| Post-Hb | 10.3±1.4 | 11.5±0.5 | 8.7±0.9 | 11.7±0.7 | 9.4±0.8 | - | - | |
| t ( | 1.23 (.224) | 3.26 (.005) | 6.97 (<.001) | 18.51 (<.001) | 1.65 (.109) | - | - | |
| Changes in risk factors | Iron-fortified diet | |||||||
| Pre | 66 (77.6) | 14 (87.5) | 11 (91.7) | 21 (91.3) | 20 (58.8) | 11.67 | .009 | |
| Post | 69 (81.2) | 13 (81.3) | 7 (66.7) | 18 (78.3) | 31 (91.2) | 6.45 | .092 | |
| Iron-low diet | ||||||||
| Pre | 67 (78.8) | 12 (75.0) | 5 (41.7) | 21 (91.3) | 29 (85.3) | 13.07 | .004 | |
| Post | 16 (18.8) | 1 (6.3) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (8.7) | 10 (29.4) | 5.99[ | .112 | |
| NSAIDs | ||||||||
| Pre | 30 (35.3) | 3 (18.8) | 5 (41.7) | 5 (21.7) | 17 (50.0) | 7.20 | .066 | |
| Post | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.9) | 5.12[ | .052 |
CHWs=Community health workers; Hb=Hemoglobin; NSAIDs=Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
Hemoglobin level at the pretest was normal, and the posttest was also normal;
Hemoglobin level at the pretest was normal, and the post-test showed anemia;
Hemoglobin level at pre-test showed anemia and posttest was normal;
Hemoglobin level at the pre-test showed anemia, and the post-test also showed anemia;
Statistical value obtained using Fisher's exact test;
Post hoc test (Duncan=NA<AA, AN, NN).
Results of the Focus Group Interview of Health Professionals, Community Health Workers, and Community Residents
| Question | Health professionals | CHWs | Community residents | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effectiveness of this project | ∙ | Improved child health check-up capacity | ∙ | Formation of knowledge about child health care and practical application to the child care | ∙ | Satisfaction with child health improvements in the community |
| ∙ | Working closely with CHWs in the latter part of the project | ∙ | A rewarding feeling because of the improvement of children's anemic condition | ∙ | Formation of knowledge about child health care | |
| ∙ | Improved community awareness | ∙ | Reduced the number of anemic children | |||
| ∙ | Improved work efficiency | |||||
| Difficulty of this project | ∙ | Difficulty working with the CHWs in the initial part of the project | ∙ | Lack of awareness about volunteering | ∙ | Lack of awareness about this project at the beginning |
| ∙ | Work burden due to check-up activities | ∙ | Residents' distrust of the CHWs | |||
| Directions for improvement of this project | ∙ | Concrete collaboration with CHWs required | ∙ | Educational materials for residents needed | ∙ | Need for expansion of this project to other villages |
| ∙ | Need for expansion of this project to other villages | ∙ | Need for expansion of this project to other villages | ∙ | Need for various health promotion services centered on children's health | |
| ∙ | Expanded nurse competency training needed | ∙ | Promotion/activation strategies needed | ∙ | Promotion/activation strategies needed | |
CHWs=Community health workers.