| Literature DB >> 35004405 |
Abstract
PURPOSE: A hand-washing program using role-playing was developed for preschool children and tested to verify its usefulness.Entities:
Keywords: Child; Hand washing; Preschool children; Role playing
Year: 2019 PMID: 35004405 PMCID: PMC8650913 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2019.25.2.123
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Research Design
| Pretest | Initial intervention | Posttest 1 (day after session 2) | Additional intervention | Posttest 2 (a month after session 2 of initial intervention) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Session 1 | Session 2 (day after session 1) | Session 1 (7 days after session 2 of initial intervention) | Session 2 (14 days after session 2 of initial intervention) | |||
| Exp. 1 | X1 | X2 | Exp. 2 | X3 | X4 | Exp. 3 |
| Cont. 1 | Cont. 2 | Cont.3 | ||||
Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group; X=Intervention.
Content and Progress of the Hand-washing Program for Preschool Children
| Session (min) | Topic | Program content and progress | Method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial intervention session 1 | Recognition of importance of hand-washing | 1∙ | Forming a small group (5 minutes) | ∙ Video |
| 2∙ | Introducing the hand-washing program (4 minutes) | ∙ Lecture | ||
| 3∙ | Providing information on how to wash hands (15 minutes) | ∙ Role play | ||
| 4∙ | ① WHY? | ∙ OX quiz | ||
| - Characteristics of germs and meaning of spread | ∙ Making an oath to wash hands | |||
| - Association between diseases and hand-washing | ||||
| - Importance of hand-washing | ||||
| ② WHEN? | ||||
| - The timing of hand-washing | ||||
| 5∙ | Role-playing as germs, water, soap, towel and hands | |||
| 6∙ | Summary (6 minutes) | |||
| Initial intervention session 2 | Recognition of accurate hand-washing methods | 1∙ | Review of previous learning (10 minutes) | ∙ Video |
| 2∙ | Providing information on how to wash hands (15 minutes) | ∙ Lecture | ||
| 3∙ | ① HOW? | ∙ Role play | ||
| - Accurate hand-washing methods | ∙ Taking | |||
| ② WHAT? | ||||
| - Importance of soap | ||||
| 4∙ | Learning to sing | |||
| 5∙ | Role-playing as a teacher to teach how to wash hands. | |||
| 6∙ | Summary (5 minutes) | |||
| 7∙ | Providing information on hand-washing for parents | |||
| 8∙ | Reminding by putting a sticker on toilet | |||
| Additional intervention session 1 | Practice of hand-washing | 1∙ | Review of previous learning (5 minutes) | ∙ Lecture |
| - Repetition of Initial intervention learning content | ∙ Viewing box | |||
| 2∙ | Providing information on how to wash hand (10 minutes) | ∙ Taking | ||
| - Experiencing the effects of hand-washing using a viewing box | ||||
| 3∙ | Summary (5 minutes) | |||
| Additional intervention session 2 | Practice of hand-washing | 1∙ | Review of previous learning (6 minutes) | ∙ Video |
| - Repetition of initial intervention learning content | ∙ Lecture | |||
| 2∙ | Providing information on how to wash hands (10 minutes) | ∙ Painting | ||
| 3∙ | Summary (4 minutes) | |||
| - Expressing how to wash hands by drawing | ||||
Verification of the Frequency and Accuracy of Hand Washing (N=46)
| Variables | Exp. (n=23) | Cont. (n=23) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shapiro-Wilk |
| Shapiro-Wilk |
| |
| Frequency | .90 | .030 | .93 | .166 |
| Accuracy | .93 | .154 | .85 | .004 |
Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.
The Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics and the Dependent Variables (N=46)
| Characteristics | Categories | Exp. (n=23) | Cont. (n=23) |
| Mann-Whitney z ( |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | ||||
| Gender | Male | 12 (52.2) | 12 (52.2) | 0.00 (>.999) | |
| Female | 11 (47.8) | 11 (47.8) | |||
| Number of family members[ | 3 | 5 (21.7) | 5 (21.7) | (>.999) | |
| 4 | 16 (69.6) | 16 (69.6) | |||
| ≥5 | 2 (8.7) | 2 (8.7) | |||
| Illness within the last 2 months | No | 15 (65.2) | 14 (60.9) | 0.09 (.760) | |
| Yes | 8 (34.8) | 9 (39.1) | |||
| Frequency | 0.45±0.24 | 0.45±0.17 | 0.40 (.390) | ||
| Accuracy | 2.81±1.12 | 2.18±1.22 | 1.71 (.088) |
Fisher exact test;
Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.
Effects of the Hand-washing Program on Frequency and Accuracy (N=46)
| Variables | Groups | Time | Friedman test | Mann-Whitney test | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest | Posttest 1 | Posttest 2 | Posttest 1 - Pretest | Posttest 2 - Pretest | |||||
| M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | z ( | M±SD | z ( | |||
| Frequency | Exp. (n=23) | 0.45±0.24 | 0.76±0.27 | 0.70±0.17 | 17.42 (<.001) | 0.31±0.25 | 4.94 (<.001) | 0.25±0.35 | 3.15 (.002) |
| Cont. (n=23) | 0.45±0.17 | 0.24±0.20 | 0.46±0.22 | 9.95 (.007) | -0.22±0.28 | 0.00±0.24 | |||
| Accuracy | Exp. (n=23) | 2.81±1.12 | 6.85±1.70 | 6.64±2.25 | 29.03 (<.001) | 4.03±1.88 | 4.02 (<.001) | 3.91±2.47 | 3.86 (<.001) |
| Cont. (n=23) | 2.18±1.22 | 2.56±2.16 | 2.78±1.00 | 11.32 (.003) | 0.38±2.39 | 0.60±1.72 | |||
*The significance level for program effectiveness verification was corrected to .025; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.