| Literature DB >> 35004404 |
Jin Sun Kim, Yong Sun Jeong, Eun Jin Jeong.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diaper dermatitis (DD), knowledge of DD prevention and treatment, and diaper hygiene practices among mothers with diaper-wearing children.Entities:
Keywords: Diaper rash; Education ; Infant; Knowledge; Mothers
Year: 2019 PMID: 35004404 PMCID: PMC8650917 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2019.25.2.112
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
Characteristics of Participants (N=176)
| Variables | Categories | n (%) | M±SD | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | ≤29 | 23 (13.1) | 34.23±4.24 | 22~49 |
| 30~39 | 138 (78.4) | |||
| 40~49 | 15 (8.5) | |||
| Education level | ≤High school | 25 (14.2) | ||
| College or university | 138 (78.4) | |||
| Graduate school | 13 (7.4) | |||
| Number of children | 1 | 68 (38.6) | 1.72±0.64 | 1~4 |
| 2 | 94 (53.4) | |||
| ≥3 | 14 (8.0) | |||
| Economic status | High | 4 (2.3) | ||
| Middle | 159 (90.3) | |||
| Low | 13 (7.4) | |||
| Primary caregiver | Yes | 150 (85.2) | ||
| No | 26 (14.8) | |||
| Source of information regarding DD prevention and management[ | Family member, relative, or friend | 44 (25.0) | ||
| Health professionals | 50 (28.4) | |||
| Internet | 120 (68.2) | |||
| Parenting book | 6 (3.4) | |||
| Experience with DD prevention and management education | Yes | 14 (8.0) | ||
| No | 162 (92.0) | |||
| Willingness to participate in DD prevention and management education | Yes | 87 (49.4) | ||
| No | 89 (50.6) |
Multiple responses are available; DD=Diaper dermatitis.
Characteristics of Children and Experiences of Diaper Dermatitis (N=176)
| Variables | Categories | n (%) | M±SD | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (month) | ≤6 | 28 (15.9) | 12.28±5.45 | 2~24 |
| 7~12 | 61 (34.7) | |||
| ≥13 | 87 (49.4) | |||
| Gender | Male | 91 (51.7) | ||
| Female | 85 (48.3) | |||
| Perceived health status by mother | Very healthy/healthy | 159 (90.3) | ||
| Fair | 14 (8.0) | |||
| Poor/very poor | 3 (1.7) | |||
| Any DD in the last 6 months? | Yes | 84 (47.7) | ||
| No | 92 (52.3) | |||
| Number of DD episodes in the last 6 months (n=84) | 1~2 | 42 (50.0) | 2.78±1.95 | 1~10 |
| 3~4 | 30 (35.7) | |||
| ≥5 | 12 (14.3) | |||
| Experience of visiting hospital due to DD | Yes | 20 (11.4) | ||
| No | 156 (88.6) |
DD=Diaper dermatitis.
Knowledge of Diaper Dermatitis Prevention and Treatment among Mothers (N=176)
| Items | Yes | No | Don't know |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| 1. DD is the most common skin condition in babies and young children (T). | 161 (91.5) | 10 (5.7) | 5 (2.8) |
| 2. One of the most common causes of DD is not changing the baby's diaper often enough (T). | 139 (79.0) | 26 (14.8) | 11 (6.2) |
| 3. Some baby wipes that contain alcohol can irritate an infant's skin (T). | 169 (96.0) | 4 (2.3) | 3 (1.7) |
| 4. DD ointments that contain zinc oxide are the best cure for DD (F). | 24 (13.6) | 37 (21.0) | 115 (65.4) |
| 5. A sprinkle of talcum powder on a diaper will soak up moisture and help prevent DD (F). | 23 (13.1) | 118 (67.0) | 35 (19.9) |
| 6. Disposable diapers have been shown to cause DD more than cloth diapers do (F). | 78 (44.3) | 62 (35.2) | 36 (20.5) |
| 7. The general rule of thumb is to call the doctor if DD does not clear up within two weeks (F). | 114 (64.8) | 14 (7.9) | 48 (27.3) |
| 8. When putting on a diaper, attach it tightly so that the excrement does not leak (F). | 42 (23.9) | 125 (71.0) | 9 (5.1) |
| 9. To remove odor, wipe with a wet tissue containing perfume (F). | 6 (3.4) | 169 (96.0) | 1 (0.6) |
| 10. Wipe the excreta thoroughly with water and rub the area with a towel to remove moisture completely (F). | 102 (58.0) | 65 (36.9) | 9 (5.1) |
| 11. When DD occurs, it is effective to apply ointment and powder together (F). | 30 (17.1) | 106 (60.2) | 40 (22.7) |
| 12. If you wash the area frequently with water when a baby has DD, it will worsen (F). | 31 (17.6) | 96 (54.6) | 49 (27.8) |
DD=Diaper dermatitis; T=True; F=False.
Differences in Knowledge Scores by Characteristic of Mothers and Children (N=176)
| Variables | Categories | M±SD | t or F |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | ≤29 | 7.57±2.00 | 0.64 | .529 |
| 30~39 | 7.10±1.78 | |||
| 40~49 | 7.13±1.96 | |||
| Education level | ≤High school | 7.20±2.02 | 0.12 | .884 |
| College or university | 7.18±1.76 | |||
| Graduate school | 6.92±2.14 | |||
| Number of children[ | 1a | 6.88±1.79 | 6.25 | .002 |
| 2b | 7.14±1.84 | a<c | ||
| ≥3c | 8.71±0.99 | |||
| Economic status | High | 8.00±1.63 | 0.90 | .409 |
| Middle | 7.12±1.81 | |||
| Low | 7.61±2.06 | |||
| Primary caregiver | Yes | 7.14±1.88 | 0.32 | .752 |
| No | 7.27±1.48 | |||
| Experience with DD prevention and management education | Yes | 6.64±1.65 | 1.12 | .265 |
| No | 7.21±1.83 | |||
| Willingness to participate in DD prevention and management education | Yes | 7.15±1.79 | 0.11 | .912 |
| No | 7.18±1.86 | |||
| Age (month) | ≤6 | 7.68±1.47 | 2.16 | .118 |
| 7~12 | 7.30±1.71 | |||
| ≥13 | 6.91±1.97 | |||
| Gender | Male | 6.89±1.82 | 2.09 | .038 |
| Female | 7.46±1.78 | |||
| Perceived health status by mother | Very healthy/healthy | 7.14±1.81 | 0.63 | .536 |
| Fair | 7.14±2.07 | |||
| Poor/very poor | 8.33±1.53 | |||
| Any DD in the last 6 months? | Yes | 7.26±1.70 | 0.68 | .500 |
| No | 7.08±1.93 | |||
| Number of DD episodes in the last 6 months (n=84) | 1~2 | 7.08±1.93 | 0.46 | .500 |
| 3~4 | 7.26±1.70 | |||
| ≥5 | 7.16±1.82 | |||
| Experience of visiting hospital due to DD | Yes | 6.85±1.50 | 0.82 | .413 |
| No | 7.21±1.86 |
Scheffé test, p<.050; DD=Diaper dermatitis.
Participants' Diaper Hygiene Practices (N=176)
| Variables | Categories | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Use of plastic underpants for the child | Yes | 14 (7.4) |
| No | 162 (92.6) | |
| Diapering method | Attach the diaper firmly so that the feces do not leak | 58 (33.0) |
| Attach it loosely to allow air to enter | 118 (67.0) | |
| Cleansing method after bowel movement | Water only | 46 (26.1) |
| Water and soap | 37 (21.0) | |
| Wet tissue | 17 (9.7) | |
| Wet tissue and water | 73 (41.5) | |
| Others | 3 (1.7) | |
| Drying method after cleansing | Natural air drying | 77 (43.8) |
| Rubbing with a dry towel | 14 (7.9) | |
| Gently patting with a dry towel | 77 (43.8) | |
| Drying with a hair dry | 2 (1.1) | |
| Gently patting with a dry towel + natural air drying | 5 (2.8) | |
| Other | 1 (0.6) | |
| Type of diaper used | Disposable diaper only | 172 (97.7) |
| Both disposable and cloth | 4 (2.3) | |
| How often do you check diapers? (hour) | ≤Every 1 | 45 (25.5) |
| Every 2 | 70 (39.8) | |
| Every 3 | 51 (29.0) | |
| ≥Every 4 | 4 (2.3) | |
| Others | 6 (3.4) | |
| Frequency of diaper changes during daytime | ≤3 | 14 (7.9) |
| 4 | 24 (13.6) | |
| 5 | 61 (34.7) | |
| ≥6 | 77 (43.8) | |
| Frequency of diaper changes during night time | 0 | 35 (19.9) |
| 1 | 79 (44.9) | |
| 2 | 49 (27.8) | |
| ≥3 | 13 (7.4) | |
| Substances routinely put on baby's bottom to prevent DD | None | 85 (48.3) |
| Baby lotion (barrier emollient) | 54 (30.7) | |
| Baby powder | 18 (10.2) | |
| Zinc oxide contained barrier cream | 10 (5.7) | |
| Baby oil | 5 (2.8) | |
| Vaseline (petrolatum) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Other | 3 (1.7) |