| Literature DB >> 35004403 |
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate incidence of delirium in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to analyze associated risk factors.Entities:
Keywords: Delirium; Incidence; Intensive care units ; Pediatrics
Year: 2019 PMID: 35004403 PMCID: PMC8650920 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2019.25.2.103
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Child Health Nurs Res ISSN: 2287-9110
General and Disease-related Characteristics of Participants (N=95)
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | Delirium (n=40) | No delirium (n=55) |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| Gender | Male | 61 (64.2) | 27 (67.5) | 34 (61.8) | 0.33 | .568 |
| Female | 34 (35.8) | 13 (32.5) | 21 (38.2) | |||
| Age | 0~4 weeks | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.6) | 14.10 | .007 |
| 4 weeks~1 year | 17 (17.9) | 9 (22.5) | 8 (14.5) | |||
| 2~5 years | 29 (30.5) | 19 (47.5) | 10 (18.3) | |||
| 6~10 years | 23 (24.2) | 6 (15.0) | 17 (30.9) | |||
| 11~18 years | 24 (25.3) | 6 (15.0) | 18 (32.7) | |||
| Developmental delay | Delay | 18 (18.9) | 8 (20.0) | 10 (18.2) | 0.05 | .823 |
| No delay | 77 (81.1) | 32 (80.0) | 45 (81.8) | |||
| Admission type | Elective | 44 (46.3) | 12 (30.0) | 32 (58.2) | 7.40 | .007 |
| Emergency | 51 (53.7) | 28 (70.0) | 23 (41.8) | |||
| Reason for admission | Cardiac | 10 (10.5) | 3 (7.5) | 7 (12.7) | 10.18 | .070 |
| Hepatic | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Renal | 3 (3.2) | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Respiratory | 33 (34.6) | 17 (42.5) | 16 (29.1) | |||
| Neurologic | 24 (25.3) | 6 (15.0) | 18 (32.7) | |||
| Post-operative | 24 (25.3) | 10 (25.0) | 14 (25.5) | |||
| Past admission to ICU | Yes | 36 (37.9) | 16 (40.0) | 20 (36.4) | 0.13 | .718 |
| No | 59 (62.1) | 24 (60.0) | 35 (63.6) | |||
| Comorbidity | Yes | 61 (64.2) | 25 (62.5) | 36 (65.5) | 0.09 | .767 |
| No | 34 (35.8) | 15 (37.5) | 19 (34.5) | |||
| Operation | Yes | 54 (56.8) | 18 (45.0) | 36 (65.5) | 3.95 | .187 |
| No | 41 (43.2) | 22 (55.0) | 19 (34.5) |
ICU=Intensive care unit.
Clinical and Environmental Characteristics of Participants (N=95)
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or M±SD | Delirium (n=40) | No delirium (n=55) |
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | |||||
| Invasive procedure | Yes | 84 (88.4) | 38 (95.0) | 46 (83.6) | 29.21 | .087 |
| No | 11 (11.6) | 2 (5.0) | 9 (16.4) | |||
| Use of physical restraint | Yes | 28 (29.5) | 23 (57.5) | 5 (9.1) | 26.11 | <.001 |
| No | 67 (70.5) | 17 (42.5) | 50 (90.9) | |||
| RASS | >0 | 35 (36.8) | 23 (57.5) | 12 (21.8) | 14.80 | .001 |
| 0 | 44 (46.4) | 10 (25.0) | 34 (61.8) | |||
| <0 | 16 (16.8) | 7 (17.5) | 9 (16.4) | |||
| Pain | Yes | 66 (69.5) | 29 (72.5) | 37 (67.3) | 0.30 | .585 |
| No | 29 (30.5) | 11 (27.5) | 18 (32.7) | |||
| Need for oxygen | Yes | 61 (64.2) | 31 (77.5) | 30 (54.5) | 5.31 | .021 |
| No | 34 (35.8) | 9 (22.5) | 25 (45.5) | |||
| Use of mechanical device | Mechanical ventilator | 20 (21.1) | 13 (32.5) | 7 (12.7) | 9.97 | .041 |
| CRRT | 7 (7.3) | 5 (12.5) | 2 (3.6) | |||
| ECMO | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | |||
| HFNC | 5 (5.3) | 2 (5.0) | 3 (5.5) | |||
| None | 62 (65.2) | 20 (50.0) | 42 (76.4) | |||
| Number of sedatives | 1.08±1.05 | 1.28±1.09 | 0.95±1.01 | 1.52 | .131 | |
| Number of catheters | 3.53±1.50 | 3.68±1.44 | 3.42±1.55 | 0.82 | .413 | |
| Transfusion | Yes | 15 (15.8) | 8 (20.0) | 7 (12.7) | 0.92 | .337 |
| No | 80 (84.2) | 32 (80.0) | 48 (87.3) | |||
| Blood pressure | Normal | 88 (92.6) | 36 (90.0) | 52 (94.5) | 0.70 | .402 |
| Abnormal | 7 (7.4) | 4 (10.0) | 3 (5.5) | |||
| Heart rate | Normal | 86 (90.5) | 33 (82.5) | 53 (96.4) | 5.19 | .054 |
| Abnormal | 9 (9.5) | 7 (17.5) | 2 (3.6) | |||
| Respiratory rate | Normal | 93 (97.9) | 38 (95.0) | 55 (100.0) | 2.81 | .094 |
| Abnormal | 2 (2.1) | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Body temperature | Normal | 74 (77.9) | 28 (70.0) | 46 (83.6) | 2.50 | .114 |
| Abnormal | 21 (22.1) | 12 (30.0) | 9 (16.4) | |||
| Feeding | Yes | 29 (30.5) | 6 (15.0) | 23 (41.8) | 7.85 | .005 |
| No | 66 (69.5) | 34 (85.0) | 32 (58.2) | |||
| Visiting hours | 1.01±0.38 | 0.98±0.38 | 1.05±0.39 | 0.81 | .419 | |
| Sleep duration | 6.34±1.44 | 6.38±1.49 | 6.31±1.41 | 0.22 | .827 | |
| Familiar objects | Yes | 40 (42.1) | 4 (10.0) | 36 (65.5) | 29.21 | <.001 |
| No | 55 (57.9) | 36 (90.0) | 19 (34.5) |
RASS=Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale; CRRT=Continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO=Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HFNC=High-flow nasal cannula.
Onset and Duration of Delirium (N=40)
| Characteristics | n (%) | M±SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Onset (day) | 1 | 32 (80.0) | 1.20±0.41 |
| 2 | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Duration (day) | 1 | 10 (25.0) | 2.45±1.24 |
| 2 | 14 (35.0) | ||
| 3 | 7 (17.5) | ||
| 4 | 6 (15.0) | ||
| 5 | 3 (7.5) |
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analyses Predicting Delirium (N=95)
| Characteristics | OR |
| 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Familiar objects | 0.09 | .002 | 0.03~0.30 |
| Use of physical restraints | 13.82 | <.001 | 4.16~45.95 |
| 0~4 weeks | Reference | ||
| 4 weeks~1 year | 0.61 | .697 | 0.05~7.20 |
| 2~5 year | 0.28 | .322 | 0.02~3.52 |
| 6~10 year | 2.85 | .440 | 0.20~40.42 |
| 11~18 year | 1.76 | .681 | 0.12~26.44 |
| Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of fit | |||
OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval.