Francesco Mele1, Ilaria Cova1, Federico Benzi2, Federica Zerini2, Valentina Cucumo1, Michela Brambilla1, Pierluigi Bertora2, Emilia Salvadori3, Simone Pomati1, Leonardo Pantoni4,5. 1. Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy. 2. Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 3. NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. 4. Neurology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy. leonardo.pantoni@unimi.it. 5. Stroke and Dementia Lab, "Luigi Sacco" Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. leonardo.pantoni@unimi.it.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We showed that the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) performed during the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases predicted worsening of cognitive function defined based on a clinical judgement at a 3-month follow-up. The aim of this study was to verify the predictivity of the CDT on the worsening of cognitive status assessed with an extensive neuropsychological evaluation 6 months after the acute event. METHODS: Patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack underwent a baseline clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessment, including the CDT. Premorbid cognitive status was evaluated by means of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Between 6 and 7 months after the acute event, all patients underwent a neuropsychological evaluation that included tests for executive function, attention, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities. RESULTS: Fifty patients (29 males; mean age 72.2 years) were enrolled: 28 (56%) had no premorbid cognitive impairment, 15 (30%) had premorbid mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 4 (8%) had premorbid dementia; for 3 patients, evaluation of premorbid status was not available. At follow-up, 11 (22%) had no cognitive impairment, 28 (56%) were diagnosed with MCI, and 11 (22%) dementia. In patients who were non-demented before the event, on regression analysis, the score obtained at CDT was predictive of decline of cognitive status at the 6-month follow-up (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.08-2.52). DISCUSSION: Our study confirms that administering the CDT during the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases is informative with regard to the worsening of cognitive function after 6 months.
INTRODUCTION: We showed that the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) performed during the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases predicted worsening of cognitive function defined based on a clinical judgement at a 3-month follow-up. The aim of this study was to verify the predictivity of the CDT on the worsening of cognitive status assessed with an extensive neuropsychological evaluation 6 months after the acute event. METHODS: Patients with a stroke or transient ischemic attack underwent a baseline clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropsychological assessment, including the CDT. Premorbid cognitive status was evaluated by means of the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Between 6 and 7 months after the acute event, all patients underwent a neuropsychological evaluation that included tests for executive function, attention, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities. RESULTS: Fifty patients (29 males; mean age 72.2 years) were enrolled: 28 (56%) had no premorbid cognitive impairment, 15 (30%) had premorbid mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 4 (8%) had premorbid dementia; for 3 patients, evaluation of premorbid status was not available. At follow-up, 11 (22%) had no cognitive impairment, 28 (56%) were diagnosed with MCI, and 11 (22%) dementia. In patients who were non-demented before the event, on regression analysis, the score obtained at CDT was predictive of decline of cognitive status at the 6-month follow-up (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.08-2.52). DISCUSSION: Our study confirms that administering the CDT during the acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases is informative with regard to the worsening of cognitive function after 6 months.
Authors: Anne Sophie Champod; Gord J Gubitz; Stephen J Phillips; Christine Christian; Yvette Reidy; Luiza M Radu; Sultan Darvesh; John M Reid; Franziska Kintzel; Gail A Eskes Journal: Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2018-07-09 Impact factor: 3.535
Authors: L O Wahlund; F Barkhof; F Fazekas; L Bronge; M Augustin; M Sjögren; A Wallin; H Ader; D Leys; L Pantoni; F Pasquier; T Erkinjuntti; P Scheltens Journal: Stroke Date: 2001-06 Impact factor: 7.914
Authors: David S Knopman; Joel H Kramer; Bradley F Boeve; Richard J Caselli; Neill R Graff-Radford; Mario F Mendez; Bruce L Miller; Nathaniel Mercaldo Journal: Brain Date: 2008-10-01 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Vladimir Hachinski; Costantino Iadecola; Ron C Petersen; Monique M Breteler; David L Nyenhuis; Sandra E Black; William J Powers; Charles DeCarli; Jose G Merino; Raj N Kalaria; Harry V Vinters; David M Holtzman; Gary A Rosenberg; Anders Wallin; Martin Dichgans; John R Marler; Gabrielle G Leblanc Journal: Stroke Date: 2006-08-17 Impact factor: 7.914