Yifat Eldar-Yedidia1, Efrat Ben-Shalom2,3, Miriam Hillel4, Ruth Belostotsky2, Orli Megged3, Yossi Freier-Dror5, Yaacov Frishberg2,3, Yechiel Schlesinger4,3. 1. Research Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated to the Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical School, 12 Beit Shmuel Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel. yifate@szmc.org.il. 2. Pediatric Nephrology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated to the Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical School Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. 4. Research Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated to the Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical School, 12 Beit Shmuel Street, 91031, Jerusalem, Israel. 5. Mashav Applied Research, Jerusalem, Israel.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Post-transplantation immunosuppressive therapy reduces the risk of graft rejection but raises the risk of infection and malignancy. A biomarker of the level of immunosuppression can be helpful in monitoring immunosuppressive therapy. Inverse correlation between Torque teno virus (TTV) from the Anelloviridae (AV) family load and immune competence was described in previous studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between AV family viruses' kinetics and the risk for graft rejection in the first year after kidney transplantation in children. METHODS: The titers of three genera (TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV) from the AV family were monitored by real-time PCR in consecutive samples from children before and after kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Twenty-one children who underwent kidney transplantation were enrolled. Five out of 21 patients experienced acute graft rejection within a year from transplantation. We found that in patients who experienced graft rejection, the median titers of TTV and total AV titers at 5-6 months post-transplantation were lower than in those who did not. Using a threshold determined by ROC analysis, significant differences in TTV and total AV load were found between patients who had or did not have graft rejection (p = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). No association was found between the dominance of any AV genus titer and the likelihood of rejection. CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that children after kidney transplantation with low TTV and total AV titers 5-6 months post-transplantation are at increased risk for graft rejection within a year after transplantation. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
BACKGROUND: Post-transplantation immunosuppressive therapy reduces the risk of graft rejection but raises the risk of infection and malignancy. A biomarker of the level of immunosuppression can be helpful in monitoring immunosuppressive therapy. Inverse correlation between Torque teno virus (TTV) from the Anelloviridae (AV) family load and immune competence was described in previous studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between AV family viruses' kinetics and the risk for graft rejection in the first year after kidney transplantation in children. METHODS: The titers of three genera (TTV, TTMDV, and TTMV) from the AV family were monitored by real-time PCR in consecutive samples from children before and after kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Twenty-one children who underwent kidney transplantation were enrolled. Five out of 21 patients experienced acute graft rejection within a year from transplantation. We found that in patients who experienced graft rejection, the median titers of TTV and total AV titers at 5-6 months post-transplantation were lower than in those who did not. Using a threshold determined by ROC analysis, significant differences in TTV and total AV load were found between patients who had or did not have graft rejection (p = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). No association was found between the dominance of any AV genus titer and the likelihood of rejection. CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that children after kidney transplantation with low TTV and total AV titers 5-6 months post-transplantation are at increased risk for graft rejection within a year after transplantation. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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