[Risk management in orthopedic surgery : Stratification and adjustment of patient-individual risk factors].

Preoperative identification of patients at risk of postoperative complications enables better patient education and surgical planning for the orthopedic surgeon. In addition to demographic and intervention-specific factors, a variety of instruments are available for individual risk assessment. The concept of frailty seems to be promising to identify patients at risk. Modifiable risk factors such as malnutrition, anemia, obesity, smoking, and insufficiently controlled diabetes mellitus are common in elective orthopedic patients. With the use of screening protocols, modifiable risk factors can be identified and optimized preoperatively in order to reduce the individual risk of complications. Recommendations regarding preoperative risk stratification and modification prior to elective hip replacement have meanwhile been incorporated in national guidelines.