Richard J Straker1, Samuel Z Grinberg2, Cimarron E Sharon2, Adrienne B Shannon2, Douglas L Fraker2, Skandan Shanmugan3, John T Miura2, Giorgos C Karakousis2. 1. Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Richard.straker@pennmedicine.upenn.edu. 2. Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 3. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Right hemicolectomy (RHC) for nodal staging is recommended for nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix (NMACA), but it is unclear whether a subgroup of patients at low risk for lymph node (LN) metastasis exists who may be managed with a less extensive resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with NMACA without distant metastases who underwent margin negative resection via either RHC or appendectomy/partial colectomy (A/PC) were evaluated from the National Cancer Database (2004-2016). Patients at low risk for LN metastasis were identified. Multivariable survival analysis was performed, and 5-year overall survival (OS) was estimated. RESULTS: Of the 2487 patients included, 652 [26.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.5-28.0%] had LN metastases. T4 T stage [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, p = 0.032], poorly/undifferentiated histology (OR 2.2, p = 0.004), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR 4.4, p < 0.001) were associated with LN positivity. One hundred and thirteen patients (4.5%) had tumors at low risk for LN metastasis (T1 T stage, well/moderately differentiated tumors without LVI), and the rate of LN metastasis for this group was 1.8% (95% CI 0.5-6.2%). Conversely, the LN metastasis rate among the 2374 non-low-risk patients was 27.4% (95% CI 25.6-29.2%). Performance of A/PC instead of RHC was associated with a survival disadvantage among all patients (hazards ratio 1.5, p = 0.049), but among the low-risk cohort, 5-year OS did not differ based on resection type (88.3% A/PC versus 92.7% RHC, p = 0.305). CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively uncommon, early, pathologically favorable NMACA is associated with a very low risk of LN metastasis. These select patients may be managed with a less extensive resection without compromising oncologic outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Right hemicolectomy (RHC) for nodal staging is recommended for nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix (NMACA), but it is unclear whether a subgroup of patients at low risk for lymph node (LN) metastasis exists who may be managed with a less extensive resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with NMACA without distant metastases who underwent margin negative resection via either RHC or appendectomy/partial colectomy (A/PC) were evaluated from the National Cancer Database (2004-2016). Patients at low risk for LN metastasis were identified. Multivariable survival analysis was performed, and 5-year overall survival (OS) was estimated. RESULTS: Of the 2487 patients included, 652 [26.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 24.5-28.0%] had LN metastases. T4 T stage [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, p = 0.032], poorly/undifferentiated histology (OR 2.2, p = 0.004), and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR 4.4, p < 0.001) were associated with LN positivity. One hundred and thirteen patients (4.5%) had tumors at low risk for LN metastasis (T1 T stage, well/moderately differentiated tumors without LVI), and the rate of LN metastasis for this group was 1.8% (95% CI 0.5-6.2%). Conversely, the LN metastasis rate among the 2374 non-low-risk patients was 27.4% (95% CI 25.6-29.2%). Performance of A/PC instead of RHC was associated with a survival disadvantage among all patients (hazards ratio 1.5, p = 0.049), but among the low-risk cohort, 5-year OS did not differ based on resection type (88.3% A/PC versus 92.7% RHC, p = 0.305). CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively uncommon, early, pathologically favorable NMACA is associated with a very low risk of LN metastasis. These select patients may be managed with a less extensive resection without compromising oncologic outcomes.
Authors: Daniel P Nussbaum; Paul J Speicher; Brian C Gulack; Jeffrey E Keenan; Asvin M Ganapathi; Brian R Englum; Douglas S Tyler; Dan G Blazer Journal: J Am Coll Surg Date: 2015-01-22 Impact factor: 6.113
Authors: John V Gahagan; Matthew D Whealon; Michael J Phelan; Steven Mills; Alessio Pigazzi; Michael J Stamos; Ninh T Nguyen; Joseph C Carmichael Journal: J Am Coll Surg Date: 2017-02-07 Impact factor: 6.113
Authors: Sean C Glasgow; Wolfgang Gaertner; David Stewart; Jennifer Davids; Karim Alavi; Ian M Paquette; Scott R Steele; Daniel L Feingold Journal: Dis Colon Rectum Date: 2019-12 Impact factor: 4.585
Authors: Elliot A Asare; Carolyn C Compton; Nader N Hanna; Lauren A Kosinski; Mary Kay Washington; Sanjay Kakar; Martin R Weiser; Michael J Overman Journal: Cancer Date: 2015-10-27 Impact factor: 6.860