Reducing sarcolipin expression improves muscle metabolism in mdx mice.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited muscle wasting disease. Metabolic impairments and oxidative stress are major secondary mechanisms that severely worsen muscle function in DMD. Here, we sought to determine whether germline reduction or ablation of sarcolipin (SLN), an inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), improves muscle metabolism and ameliorates muscle pathology in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests show that glucose clearance rate and insulin sensitivity were improved in the SLN haploinsufficient mdx (mdx:sln+/-) and SLN-deficient mdx (mdx:sln-/-) mice. The histopathological analysis shows that fibrosis and necrosis were significantly reduced in muscles of mdx:sln+/- and mdx:sln-/- mice. SR Ca2+ uptake, mitochondrial complex protein levels, complex activities, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release, and mitochondrial metabolism were significantly improved, and lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were reduced in the muscles of mdx:sln+/- and mdx:sln-/- mice. These data demonstrate that reduction or ablation of SLN expression can improve muscle metabolism, reduce oxidative stress, decrease muscle pathology, and protects the mdx mice from glucose intolerance.