Darcell Scharff1, Kimberly R Enard2, Donghua Tao3, Gretta Strand4, Rauta Yakubu2, Victoria Cope5. 1. Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, USA. darcy.scharff@slu.edu. 2. Department of Health Management and Policy, Saint Louis University, 3545 Lafayette Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, USA. 3. Medical Center Library, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, USA. 4. St. Louis Children's Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA. 5. Missouri Foundation for Health, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Community health worker (CHW) interventions have been shown to be effective in areas of maternal and child health (MCH), mostly in relation to infant and neonatal mortality. The specific aims of this review were to expand outcomes to include improving knowledge related to pregnancy and infant health and the receipt of antenatal care (ANC), along with birth outcomes. We also summarized the role, characteristics and activities of CHWs in interventions conducted in settings with demonstrated improvements in key MCH outcomes. METHODS: Articles were retrieved from: PubMed, CINAHL, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 2008 through 2018. We included evaluation studies that utilized CHWs as all or part of an intervention to improve outcomes, were printed in English, and published in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS: Initial electronic database search identified 816 studies and 123 studies met inclusion criteria for full text review. The quality assessment resulted in 0 strong-, 19 moderate-, and 25 weak-rated studies. In most interventions, CHWs were a component of a larger intervention. The majority of the studies (n = 10) found that a CHW intervention can have a positive impact on outcomes. CHW interventions showed improvements in knowledge and ANC. When combined with clinical services, the interventions positively impacted birth outcomes. Most conducted home visits and utilized CHW that were members of the community. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: CHWs serve an important role as health educators conducting home visits as a member of the community they serve. They should also continue to collaborate with clinical providers to address MCH outcomes.
OBJECTIVES: Community health worker (CHW) interventions have been shown to be effective in areas of maternal and child health (MCH), mostly in relation to infant and neonatal mortality. The specific aims of this review were to expand outcomes to include improving knowledge related to pregnancy and infant health and the receipt of antenatal care (ANC), along with birth outcomes. We also summarized the role, characteristics and activities of CHWs in interventions conducted in settings with demonstrated improvements in key MCH outcomes. METHODS: Articles were retrieved from: PubMed, CINAHL, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from January 2008 through 2018. We included evaluation studies that utilized CHWs as all or part of an intervention to improve outcomes, were printed in English, and published in peer-reviewed journals. RESULTS: Initial electronic database search identified 816 studies and 123 studies met inclusion criteria for full text review. The quality assessment resulted in 0 strong-, 19 moderate-, and 25 weak-rated studies. In most interventions, CHWs were a component of a larger intervention. The majority of the studies (n = 10) found that a CHW intervention can have a positive impact on outcomes. CHW interventions showed improvements in knowledge and ANC. When combined with clinical services, the interventions positively impacted birth outcomes. Most conducted home visits and utilized CHW that were members of the community. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: CHWs serve an important role as health educators conducting home visits as a member of the community they serve. They should also continue to collaborate with clinical providers to address MCH outcomes.
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