Dataset for the synthesis, characterisation and application of cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 anatase nanoparticles on triclosan photodegradation using visible LED light.

The growing threat of emerging waterborne contaminants is a global concern, fuelled in part by the ineffectiveness of current remediation strategies. One of the most prominent remediation strategies is catalytic photodegradation, particularly with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), but its full utilization is hampered by using only UV radiation, which is scarce in sunlight. To fully benefit from the sunlight abundance, several efforts are focused on the tailoring of TiO2 to make it more active in visible (Vis) light. However, this target is yet to be met, sought for new developments. In a recent research paper entitled "Visible light-driven photodegradation of triclosan and antimicrobial activity against Legionella pneumophila with cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 anatase nanoparticles" [ 1 ], we investigated the co-doping potential of cobalt and nitrogen in TiO2 NPs for water decontamination, focusing on its application for the degradation of triclosan (TCS) under Vis LED light irradiation. Herein, the synthesis methodology for the preparation of doped TiO2 with nitrogen is described in detail, along with complementary data on the characterisation of all previously synthesised photocatalysts in the form of specific surface area determination (B.E.T. method) based on the obtained physisorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the automatic determination of bandgap energy through the diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) analysis by using the GapExtractor© software. This dataset article also includes optimised photocatalytic reaction conditions, specifically conducted under monochromatic LED light irradiation. The employed LED irradiation conditions can support photocatalytic research in the field, since LED systems are costless and have a long-life span compared to most conventional UV-Vis systems. In addition, raw UV-Vis spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms for monitoring the TCS degradation reaction are also included, as are powder X-ray diffractograms (XRD) of recycled doped-TiO2 photocatalysts, confirming the renewable efficiency of the synthesised photocatalysts to pursue green chemistry principles.

Specifications Table

Value of the Data

This article provides important data from various analyses (i.e., B.E.T., XPS and DRS), which is highlighted by the automatic determination of bandgap energy using the GapExtractor© software, of novel Co and N co-doping TiO2-based nanocatalysts which can be useful for characterising analogous nanomaterials and application of such nanomaterials for catalyst designing.

Based on the data, activated reactions with the co-doping catalysts for the triclosan degradation, monitored by UV-Vis and HPLC, can be considered useful by researchers working in the fields of water treatment and purification for triclosan-containing effluents studies, allowing them to address the poor removal of triclosan in aqueous effluents.

The data provided on LED light reaction conditions using a more sustainable system can also be usefully considered by academic and industrial researchers in the field of water treatment for upgrading and scaling-up studies in advanced oxidation processes involving triclosan or other emerging pollutants in aqueous effluents.

Data Description

The data in this article pertains to the synthesis and characterisation of TiO2-based nanoparticles (NPs), including undoped TiO2, TiO2 doped with nitrogen (TiO2-N), TiO2 doped with cobalt (Co-TiO2) and TiO2 co-doped with cobalt and nitrogen (Co-TiO2-N), as well as the photocatalytic ability in degrading triclosan, a common antimicrobial agent and prominent aquatic pollutant, under visible LED light irradiation, assessed to the best nanophotocatalysts described in detail in Visible light-driven photodegradation of triclosan and antimicrobial activity against Legionella pneumophila with cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO [1].

The B.E.T. adsorption/desorption isotherm data of the various synthesized TiO2-based NPs are provided as a supplementary file (B.E.T. worksheet), and the resulting isotherm profiles are shown in Fig. 1, along with the calculated apparent surface areas (AB.E.T.) from these data.

Fig. 1

B.E.T. adsorption/desorption isotherms of (a) TiO2, (b) TiO2 doped with nitrogen (TiO2-N), (c) TiO2 doped with cobalt (Co-TiO2) and (d) co-doped with cobalt and nitrogen (Co-TiO2-N), including the respective apparent surface areas (AB.E.T.).

XPS was used to determine the elemental composition and oxidation states of the different elements on the surface of the synthesised NPs. XPS wide scan spectra of the TiO2-based NPs are shown in Fig. 2 and raw data which originate them are provided in the supplementary file (XPS worksheet). The detailed spectral fitting parameters for C 1s, O 1s, Ti 2p, Co 2p and N 1s chemical states are summarized elsewhere [1].

Fig. 2

XPS wide scan spectra of TiO2, TiO2 doped with nitrogen (TiO2-N), TiO2 doped with cobalt (Co-TiO2) and co-doped with cobalt and nitrogen (Co-TiO2-N).

The bandgap (Eg) of the synthesised NPs were determined using an automated algorithmic method [2] based on the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data (Fig. 3). The raw data used in the algorithm are provided in the supplementary file (DRS worksheet). This method identifies linear segments in Tauc plots (Fig. 4), further used to estimate the Eg value (Table 1). The Eg data values for undoped TiO2 NPs and for nitrogen doped (TiO2-N) are remarkably similar, with TiO having a slightly higher Eg (3.07 ± 0.08 eV) than undoped TiO NPs. On the other hand, the Eg of cobalt doped TiO2-based NPs showed a significant reduction, with Eg values of 2.88 ± 0.10 eV for Co-TiO and 2.82 ± 0.19 eV for Co-TiO.

Fig. 3

Diffuse reflectance profiles for the TiO2, nitrogen doped TiO2 (TiO2-N), cobalt doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2), and cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2-N) nanocatalysts, originated by the Gap extractor© v1.0.

Fig. 4

Tauc plot (fKM vs hυ) straight-line segments regions obtained from Gap extractor© v1.0 for the TiO2, nitrogen doped TiO2 (TiO2-N), cobalt doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2), and cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2-N) nanocatalysts.

Table 1

Report obtained from Gap extractor© v1.0 [2] with the computed bandgap energies (Eg), linear segments and Tauc plot (fKM vs hυ) straight-line segments regions for the TiO2, TiO2 doped with nitrogen (TiO2-N), TiO2 doped with cobalt (Co-TiO2), and TiO2 co-doped with cobalt and nitrogen (Co-TiO2-N) nanocatalysts. Modified from [1].

	Attributes
Attribute ID	TiO2	TiO2-N
(a)	Eg= 3.05 ± 0.10 eV	Eg= 3.07 ± 0.08 eV
	Linear segments (y= mx+b)	Linear segments (y= mx+b)
(b)	Base line: 1.6060 ≤ hν ≤ 2.3571 eV	Base line: 1.5498 ≤ hν ≤ 2.0325 eV
(c)	m= -3.8943 × 10−3 ± 4.2207 × 10−4	m= -3.1214 × 10−3 ± 5.0393 × 10−4
(d)	b= 1.0597 × 10−2 ± 8.2145 × 10−4	b= 7.1771 × 10−3 ± 8.9456 × 10−4
(e)	R-square= 0.411	R-square= 0.290
(f)	Tauc: 3.1629 eV ≤ hν ≤ 3.4250 eV	Tauc: 3.1468 eV ≤ hν ≤ 3.4250 eV
(g)	m= 2.6096 ± 3.9241 × 10−2	m= 4.5281 ± 5.4896 × 10−2
(h)	b= -7.9617 ± 1.2917 × 10−1	b= -1.3902 × 101 ± 1.8024 × 10−1
(i)	R-square= 0.997	R-square= 0.998
	Co-TiO2	Co-TiO2-N
(a)	Eg= 2.82 ± 0.19 eV	Eg= 2.88 ± 0.19 eV
	Linear segments (y= mx+b)	Linear segments (y= mx+b)
(b)	Base line: 2.5512 × 10−1 ≤ hν ≤ 2.4311 eV	Base line: 2.2061 ≤ hν ≤ 2.4406 eV
(c)	m= 2.5512 × 10−1 ± 4.8196 × 10−3	m= 8.6716 × 10−2 ± 5.0100 × 10−3
(d)	b= 1.8463 × 10−2 ± 1.1223 × 10−2	b= 3.5505 × 10−2 ± 1.1626 × 10−2
(e)	r-square= 0.992	r-square= 0.920
(f)	Tauc: 3.2974 eV ≤ hν ≤ 3.5834 eV	Tauc: 3.2287 eV ≤ hν ≤ 3.5223 eV
(g)	m= 1.117 ± 2.1701 × 10−2	m= 6.3071 × 10−1 ± 1.1945 × 10−2
(h)	b= -2.4089 ± 7.4603 × 10−2	b= -1.5316 ± 4.0287 × 10−2
(i)	R-square= 0.995	R-square= 0.995
Attributes description
(a)	Number and band gap energy (Eg) value⁎
(b)	hν- range of the base line segment
(c)	Slope and standard error of the base line segment
(d)	Intercept and standard error of the base line segment
(e)	R2 of the straight-line fit of the base line segment
(f)	hν- range of the Tauc segment
(g)	Slope and standard error of the Tauc segment
(h)	Intercept and standard error of the Tauc segment
(i)	R2 of the straight-line fit of the Tauc segment

The error of the band gap energy is calculated from the standard errors of the Tauc and Base straight-line equations. In practice, this error could be interpreted as the estimation of the dispersion of the band gap energy determined by manual methods [3].

The photocatalytic activity of the produced doped TiO2 NPs was further analysed, except for theTiO2-N NPs since their Eg was very close to that of the undoped TiO2 NPs, making these N-doped TiO2 NPs less interesting for photocatalytic purposes under Vis light.

The UV-Vis raw data of the post-reaction TCS solutions after photodegradation under Vis (450 nm) light exposure conditions are provided in the supplementary file (UV-Vis-TCS Photocatalysis worksheet), and the originated spectra profiles are shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

UV-Vis spectra of the post-reaction solutions of triclosan (TCS) degradation in the (a) absence (photolysis) and (b) presence of TiO2, (c) cobalt doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2) and (d) cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2-N) nanocatalysts, under Vis (450 nm) light exposure conditions for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60-minutes.

HPLC analyses of those post-reaction TCS solutions, as well as TCS solutions under dark conditions (adsorption conditions), were also performed to quantify the TCS in solution. A series of TCS aqueous standard solutions were previously prepared and analysed for calibration purposes. The chromatograms obtained at representative TCS concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L, as well as 10, 20, and 50 mg/L are shown in Fig. 6 (a) and (d) and magnified to the area of interest (retention time = 6.4-8 min) in Fig. 6 (b) and (e). The obtained data for calibration of each concentration range are shown in Fig. 6 (c) and (f). The raw and the analysed data are also provided in the supplementary file (HPLC_calibration data worksheet).

Fig. 6

Chromatograms of triclosan (TCS) standard solutions at (a) lower and (b) higher concentrations ranges for calibration purposes; (b) and (c) correspond to amplified ranges including the main characteristic TCS band; and (c) and (f) are the fitted data to the linear regression model of each TCS concentration range.

The HPLC chromatograms of the TCS solutions after photodegradation under Vis (450 nm) LED light irradiation are shown in Fig. 7, along with the magnification of the area of interest (retention time = 6.5-8 min) in Fig. 8. The raw and analysed data are provided in the supplementary file (HPLC_Post reaction solutions worksheet).

Fig. 7

HPLC chromatograms of TCS post-reaction solutions in the (a) absence (photolysis) and (b) presence of TiO2, (c) cobalt doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2) and (d) cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2-N) nanocatalysts for 60 minutes under dark (only in the presence of nanoparticles), and after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60-minutes under visible (450 nm) LED light exposure conditions.

Fig. 8

HPLC chromatograms of TCS post-reaction solutions in the (a) absence (photolysis) and (b) presence of TiO2, (c) cobalt doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2) and (d) cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2-N) nanocatalysts for 60 minutes under dark (only in the presence of nanoparticles), and after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60-minutes under visible (450 nm) LED light exposure conditions.

Fig. 9 (a) shows the adsorption and photodegradation profiles obtained overtime of TCS aqueous solutions in the presence and absence (photolysis) of the synthesised nanocatalysts and originated from acquired raw data. According to these data, no significant TCS was adsorbed on the tested NPs under dark conditions, whereas light irradiation significantly decreased the TCS quantity (degradation yields increased) in the presence of co-doped TiO2 (Co-TiO2-N) NPs, with almost maximum TCS degradation after a 20-min exposure time. The photocatalytic data presented in this data in brief was obtained through replicated analysis, which statically supplements the previously reported results [1]. The kinetic data in Fig. 9 (b) shows that the TCS photolysis and that TiO had k values of 0.0075 ± 0.0002 min1, 0.2023 ± 0.012 min and 0.2552 ± 0.010 min, respectively. The k value of the Co-TiO is the highest under the tested conditions (slightly acidic media, pH = 6, and 450 nm LED light irradiation).

Fig. 9

Photocatalytic degradation of TCS aqueous solutions (≅ 10 ppm) during 60 min under exposure to Vis LED light (λ = 450 nm) in the presence and absence (photolysis) of the synthesised TiO2, TiO2 doped with cobalt (Co-TiO2) and TiO2 co-doped with cobalt and nitrogen (Co-TiO2-N) nanocatalysts (a); and the corresponding kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of TCS, following a pseudo-first order kinetic model, including the respective obtained coefficients (R2) and apparent first-order rate constants (k) (b).

All original data used to obtain Fig. 9, resulting from the degradation and kinetic fitting data described above, are provided in a supplementary Excel file in the Photocatalytic and kinetic data worksheet.

XRD was used to validate the structural stability of the catalysts after photodegradation, and no significant changes were observed between the original XRD spectra and after the fourth successive run (Fig. 10) despite some observed cobalt leaching from the NPs [1]. XRD raw data is provided in supplementary file (XRD worksheet).

Fig. 10

XRD diffractograms obtained for (a) TiO2 doped with cobalt Co-TiO2 and (b) TiO2 co-doped with cobalt and nitrogen (Co-TiO2-N) before and after four photocatalytic successive runs of TCS degradation reactions.

Experimental Design, Materials and Methods

TiO2-based nanoparticles synthesis

By refining a previously published hydrothermal methodology [4,5], TiO2-based nanoparticles (NPs) doped with nitrogen (TiO2-N) were prepared. The synthesis conditions of nitrogen doped TiO2 nanoparticles add to and complement our previously reported work [1].

Synthesis of nitrogen doped TiO: A titanium source, titanium (III) chloride solution (20 wt% TiCl3 in 2M HCl, Acros), was diluted in a 1:2 ratio of 2M HCl (from a standard hydrochloric acid 37% HCl, AR grade, Sigma-Aldrich). A solution of ammonia (NH4OH) (4M) (25% NH3, Panreac) was added dropwise to 75 mL of the diluted solution while vigorously stirring to induce the precipitation of a white solid. After this mixing step, the stirring was ceased, and the suspension was left at room temperature overnight (about 15 h). Afterwards, the suspension was subjected to filtration and the collected precipitate was thoroughly washed with deionized water and dried at room temperature. The dried precipitate, the TiO2 precursor 1, was redispersed in an autoclave with a nitrogen solution of urea (99.9% Fisher Scientific) in deionized water (0.0178 M), in order to introduce the required molar amount of nitrogen (2.5 wt% to the precursor). Finally, a thermal treatment step was performed to promote the crystallization of TiO2-N NPs with a heating rate of 7 °C/min until reaching 200 °C, after which was sustained for 6 h.

Following the thermal treatment step, the synthesised NPs were washed with deionized water, centrifuged, and dried at room temperature to obtain the nitrogen doped TiO2 nanopowder (TiO2-N).

Fig. 11 summarises the methodology used to synthesise the nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as all previously reported TiO2-based NPs [1] for which additional characterization data are provided in this data in brief.

Fig. 11

Methodology of synthesis and doping with cobalt (Co) and nitrogen (N) of TiO2 nanoparticles.

Photocatalytic LED-reaction system

Photocatalytic reaction tests to evaluate the photoactivity of nanocatalysts were performed in a Penn PhD photoreactor M2 as previously reported [1]. The catalytic reactions took place in 40 mL borosilicate vials containing 10 mL of an aqueous TCS solution (10 ppm) to which the nanocatalysts were added and dispersed (1 g/L). The dispersions were further exposed to monochromatic irradiation (λ = 450 nm) provided by a blue LED lamp (3.4 W at 100% light intensity) for periods of 60 min, under continuous magnetic stirring (900 rpm) and controlled temperature (SP = 35 °C) regulated by a fan and a coupled J-type thermocouple (simplex, IEC60584, ΔT = - 40 a 350 °C).

The post-reaction TCS solutions were further analysed by UV-Vis spectrometry and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Brunauer-Emmett-teller (BET) analysis

Nitrogen (N2) adsorption/desorption isotherms at low temperature (-196 °C) were acquired in an automatic Quantachrome NOVA 2200e equipment, and further used to determine the apparent surface areas (AB.E.T.) of TiO2-based NPs using the B.E.T model [6] as previously described [1].

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

The atomic elemental composition as well as metals oxidation states at the synthesised NPs surfaces were determined by XPS in a dual anode KRATOS XSAM800 spectrometer with Vision 2 for Windows, Version 2.2.9 from KRATOS for data acquisition. The samples (powders) were mounted on the sample holder through a double-side tape. The analyses were performed with a non-monochromatic AlKα X-ray source (1486.7 eV), produced with a current of 10 mA and an anode voltage of 12 kV, operating at Fixed Analyzer Transmission (FAT) mode, with a pass energy of 20 eV. Samples were analysed using 90° and 30° take-off angles (relative to the surface plane) in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber (∼10−7 Pa) at room temperature. The sensitivity factors used for quantification analysis were: 0.28 C 1s; 0.78 for O 1s; 2.00 for Ti 2p; 2.40 for Co 2p3/2 and 0.48 for N 1s. The effect of the electric charge accumulation was corrected using as reference the carbon peak (set at 285 eV), assigned to sp3 carbon atoms bonded to carbon and/or hydrogen.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS)

The optical properties of the TiO2-based NPs were obtained on a UV-Vis spectrometer Shimadzu UV-2600 PC equipped with an ISR 2600 plus integrating sphere, as described in [1], using barium sulphate (BaSO4) as reference. The bandgap energy (Eg) of the synthesised samples were determined from diffuse reflectance spectra using the GapExtractor v1.0 automated method. This method is based on a five-step algorithm that simulates an expert analyst's judgment in identifying linear segments in plots and estimating the Eg value. Before data acquisition, a baseline correction was performed with BaSO4.

UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis)

UV-Vis spectra were collected at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 400 nm by using a Shimadzu UV-1900 UV-Vis spectrophotometer. For data acquisition, a bandwidth of 1 nm (average response) and a scanning speed of 400 nm/min were used, and a baseline correction with the solvent used to prepare TCS solutions was also performed before data acquisition.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

HPLC chromatograms of TCS solutions were obtained as described in detail in our previous work [1]. In addition, a prior to the HPLC analysis, the TCS post-reaction solutions were filtered using a syringe-filter (0.22 µm, TPP, Switzerland) to remove the NPs. TCS solutions standards of known concentrations (0.01, 0.05, 1 and 5 ppm) were prepared and used for calibration purposes.

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD)

For the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns acquisition, the TiO2-based NPs were prior mounted on a silicon amorphous sample holder, and further acquired in a Philips Analytical, PW 3050/60 with automatic data acquisition supported by the X'Pert Data Collector v.2.0b software and employing a CuKα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) working at 40 kV/30 mA, following a data collection methodology as prior described [1].

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Olga Ferreira: Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft. Olinda C. Monteiro: Resources. Ana M. Botelho do Rego: Resources, Data curation, Writing – review & editing. Ana M. Ferraria: Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing. Mary Batista: Formal analysis. Elisabete R. Silva: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Supervision.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Subject	Chemical Engineering: Catalysis
Specific subject area	Inorganic chemistry, physical and chemical characterisation, photocatalysis, advanced oxidation processes
Type of data	Figures, Images and Tables.
How the data were acquired	B.E.T. physisorption isotherms were acquired on a Quantachrome NOVA 2200e.XPS were acquired in a dual anode KRATOS XSAM800 spectrometer supported by the Vision 2 for Windows, Version 2.2.9 software, and using a non-monochromatic AlKα X-ray source (1486.7 eV), produced with a current of 10 mA and an anode voltage of 12 kV, operating at Fixed Analyzer Transmission (FAT) mode, with a pass energy of 20 eV.The powder samples were prior mounted on the sample holder through a double-side tape and further analysed using 90° and 30° take-off angles (relative to the surface plane) in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber (∼10−7 Pa) at room temperature.DRS were acquired in a UV-Vis spectrometer Shimadzu UV-2600PC equipped with an ISR 2600 plus integrating sphere, in the wavelength range of 200-800 nm. Prior to the analysis a baseline correction was performed with the barium sulphate (BaSO4) optical reference.UV-Vis spectra were acquired in a Shimadzu UV-1900 spectrophotometer. For data acquisition a band width of 1 nm, medium response, and a scanning speed of 400 nm/min were used. Prior to the analysis a baseline correction with the photocatalytic reaction solvent was performed.
	HPLC chromatograms were acquired in a VWR-Hitachi Elite LaChrom equipped with a Column Oven L-2300, a LiChroCART 100 RP-18 (5 µm, 100 Å, 250 × 4 mm, Merck) column with reversed phase properties, a Diode Array Detector L-2455 and an automatic injector L-2200. Raw data were acquired using the software EZChrom Elite in a wavelength range of 200 nm to 500 nm with a 1 nm wavelength step, and working under an isocratic mode for 15 min at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min with 70% acetonitrile and 30% water.XRD spectra were acquired in a Philips Analytical, PW 3050/60 with the automatic data acquisition X'Pert Data Collector v.2.0b software and employing a CuKα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) working at 40 kV/30 mA. The diffraction patterns were acquired in a 2θ ranging from 20° to 60° with a 0.017° step size and acquisition time of 40.0 s/step. Prior to data acquisition, the powder samples were mounted on a silicon amorphous sample holder.LED-photoreaction system: The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photodegradation of 10 mL of pure TCS solutions (10 ppm) or those containing dispersed TiO2-based powder nanoparticles (1 g/L). The solutions and dispersions were placed in 40 mL borosilicate vials and further exposed to monochromatic irradiation (λ = 450 nm) provided by a blue LED lamp (3.4 W at 100% light intensity), for periods between time zero (60 min under dark conditions) and a maximum of 60 min, under a continuous magnetic stirring (900 rpm) and a controlled set temperature (SP= 35 °C) regulated by a fan and a coupled J-type thermocouple (simplex, IEC60584, ΔT= - 40-350 °C). TCS solutions and post-reaction TCS solutions were further analysed by UV-Vis and HPLC.
Data format	Raw and analysed.
Description of data collection	Prior to analysis:B.E.T.- Powder samples were pre-treated for 2.5 h at 150°C under vacuum (10−2 Pa).DRS - Powders samples were compressed into BaSO4.HPLC- Reaction solutions were filtered using a syringe-filter (0.22 µm).Corrective factors:XPS- Electric charge accumulation was corrected using carbon peak (set at 285 eV) as reference.XRD- Data was normalised to the maximum (101) plane reflection.
Data source location	Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal (38.7565° N, 9.1554° W);Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, Portugal (38.7368° N, 9.1387° W).
Data accessibility	Data can be found as an excel supplementary file.
Related research article	O. Ferreira, O.C. Monteiro, A.M. Botelho do Rego, A.M. Ferraria, M. Batista, R. Santos, S. Monteiro, M. Freire, E.R. Silva, Visible light-driven photodegradation of triclosan and antimicrobial activity against Legionella pneumophila with cobalt and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 anatase nanoparticles, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9(6) (2021) 106735.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106735