Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI)-Related Cardiotoxicity.

The growing success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to improved outcomes in several types of cancers with studies looking for expanding their indications and use. However immune-related adverse events have been recognized of which myocarditis is associated with a high mortality. Other cardiac events such as arrhythmias, pericardial disease, and coronary atherosclerosis have been observed in patients on ICI therapy. These cardiac toxicities are thought to be the result of increased inflammatory responses after inhibition of specific checkpoint proteins on T cells. Although cardiotoxicities related to immunotherapy are reportedly rare, they can be severe and associated with life-threatening conditions such as fulminant myocarditis, hemodynamic instability, and cardiac arrest. We will review the most commonly reported cardiovascular toxicities associated with ICIs and their management.