Yip Han Chin1, Clyve Yu Leon Yaow1, Seth En Teoh1, Mabel Zhi Qi Foo2, Nan Luo3, Nicholas Graves4, Marcus Eng Hock Ong5, Andrew Fu Wah Ho6. 1. School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. 3. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore, Singapore. 4. Pre-hospital and Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Pre-hospital and Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 6. Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore, Singapore; Pre-hospital and Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore. Electronic address: andrew.ho@duke-nus.edu.sg.
Abstract
AIMS: Long term outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (1-year and beyond) survival outcomes, including overall survival and survival with favorable neurological status and the quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes, among patients who survived the initial OHCA event (30 days or till hospital discharge). METHODS: Embase, Medline and PubMed were searched for primary studies (randomized controlled trials, cohort and cross-sectional studies) which reported the long-term survival outcomes of OHCA patients. Data abstraction and quality assessment was conducted, and survival at predetermined timepoints were assessed via single-arm meta-analyses of proportions, using generalized linear mixed models. Comparative meta-analyses were conducted using the Mantel-Haenszel Risk Ratio (RR) estimates, using the DerSimonian and Laird model. RESULTS: 67 studies were included, and among patients that survived to hospital discharge or 30-days, 77.3% (CI = 71.2-82.4), 69.6% (CI = 54.5-70.3), 62.7% (CI = 54.5-70.3), 46.5% (CI = 32.0-61.6), and 20.8% (CI = 7.8-44.9) survived to 1-, 3-, 5-, 10- and 15-years respectively. Compared to Asia, the probability of 1-year survival was greater in Europe (RR = 2.1, CI = 1.8-2.3), North America (RR = 2.0, CI = 1.7-2.2) and Oceania (RR = 1.9, CI = 1.6-2.1). Males had a higher 1-year survival (RR:1.41, CI = 1.25-1.59), and patients with initial shockable rhythm had improved 1-year (RR = 3.07, CI = 1.78-5.30) and 3-year survival (RR = 1.45, CI = 1.19-1.77). OHCA occurring in residential locations had worse 1-year survival (RR = 0.42, CI = 0.25-0.73). CONCLUSION: Our study found that up to 20.8% of OHCA patients survived to 15-years, and survival was lower in Asia compared to the other regions. Further analysis on the differences in survival between the regions are needed to direct future long-term treatment of OHCA patients.
AIMS: Long term outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (1-year and beyond) survival outcomes, including overall survival and survival with favorable neurological status and the quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes, among patients who survived the initial OHCA event (30 days or till hospital discharge). METHODS: Embase, Medline and PubMed were searched for primary studies (randomized controlled trials, cohort and cross-sectional studies) which reported the long-term survival outcomes of OHCA patients. Data abstraction and quality assessment was conducted, and survival at predetermined timepoints were assessed via single-arm meta-analyses of proportions, using generalized linear mixed models. Comparative meta-analyses were conducted using the Mantel-Haenszel Risk Ratio (RR) estimates, using the DerSimonian and Laird model. RESULTS: 67 studies were included, and among patients that survived to hospital discharge or 30-days, 77.3% (CI = 71.2-82.4), 69.6% (CI = 54.5-70.3), 62.7% (CI = 54.5-70.3), 46.5% (CI = 32.0-61.6), and 20.8% (CI = 7.8-44.9) survived to 1-, 3-, 5-, 10- and 15-years respectively. Compared to Asia, the probability of 1-year survival was greater in Europe (RR = 2.1, CI = 1.8-2.3), North America (RR = 2.0, CI = 1.7-2.2) and Oceania (RR = 1.9, CI = 1.6-2.1). Males had a higher 1-year survival (RR:1.41, CI = 1.25-1.59), and patients with initial shockable rhythm had improved 1-year (RR = 3.07, CI = 1.78-5.30) and 3-year survival (RR = 1.45, CI = 1.19-1.77). OHCA occurring in residential locations had worse 1-year survival (RR = 0.42, CI = 0.25-0.73). CONCLUSION: Our study found that up to 20.8% of OHCA patients survived to 15-years, and survival was lower in Asia compared to the other regions. Further analysis on the differences in survival between the regions are needed to direct future long-term treatment of OHCA patients.
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