Augustin Latourte1,2, Julien Dumurgier3, Claire Paquet3, Pascal Richette4,5. 1. Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR-S, 1132 BIOSCAR, 75010, Paris, France. augustin.latourte@aphp.fr. 2. Rheumatology Department, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France. augustin.latourte@aphp.fr. 3. Cognitive Neurology Centre, GHU Nord APHP Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France. 4. Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR-S, 1132 BIOSCAR, 75010, Paris, France. 5. Rheumatology Department, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010, Paris, France.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to summarize recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between uric acid (UA), gout, and brain diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Observational studies have suggested that patients with hyperuricemia or gout might have a decreased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, they may be at increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use a genetic score as an instrumental variable to address the causality of the association between a risk factor (here, UA or gout) and an outcome. So far, MR analyses do not support a causal relationship of UA or gout with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and of UA with Parkinson's disease or stroke. Observation studies indicate a U-shaped association between UA and brain diseases, but MR studies do not support that this association is causal. Further studies should address the causal role of gout as well as the impact of urate-lowering therapy on these outcomes.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to summarize recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between uric acid (UA), gout, and brain diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Observational studies have suggested that patients with hyperuricemia or gout might have a decreased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Conversely, they may be at increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use a genetic score as an instrumental variable to address the causality of the association between a risk factor (here, UA or gout) and an outcome. So far, MR analyses do not support a causal relationship of UA or gout with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, and of UA with Parkinson's disease or stroke. Observation studies indicate a U-shaped association between UA and brain diseases, but MR studies do not support that this association is causal. Further studies should address the causal role of gout as well as the impact of urate-lowering therapy on these outcomes.
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