Delivery of TB preventive therapy to incarcerated people living with HIV in southern African correctional facilities.

TB preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for high-risk and hard-to-reach populations such as incarcerated people living with HIV (PLHIV). To assess implementation of TPT delivery in correctional settings, we conducted an exploratory analysis of data from a multisite cohort study in South Africa and Zambia. From 975 participants, 648 were screened for TB, and 409 initiated TPT mostly within a month after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (190/409, 46.5%). We observed a median gap of one month (IQR 0.6-4.7) in TPT delivery to incarcerated PLHIV. Future research should examine standardised quality improvement tools and new strategies such as short-course regimens to improve TPT initiation in this population.