Georgia A Malandraki1,2, Rachel Hahn Arkenberg1. 1. Purdue University, Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America. 2. Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review article analyzes current evidence on the neurophysiology of swallowing during development and offers expert opinion on clinical implications and future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS: In the past five years, basic and clinical research has offered advances in our understanding of pediatric swallowing neurophysiology. Animal models have elucidated the role of brainstem circuits and the peripheral and central nervous system in neonatal swallowing. Recent human studies have further showcased that fetal and infant swallowing require cerebral inputs in order to develop functionally. Finally, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies are starting to better define these cerebral inputs, as well as neuroplastic adaptations that may be needed for optimal feeding development. SUMMARY: The neural development of swallowing is a complex and dynamic process. Continued research is needed to better understand influences on swallowing neural development, which can be essential for improving prevention, diagnosis, and interventions for pediatric dysphagia.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review article analyzes current evidence on the neurophysiology of swallowing during development and offers expert opinion on clinical implications and future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS: In the past five years, basic and clinical research has offered advances in our understanding of pediatric swallowing neurophysiology. Animal models have elucidated the role of brainstem circuits and the peripheral and central nervous system in neonatal swallowing. Recent human studies have further showcased that fetal and infant swallowing require cerebral inputs in order to develop functionally. Finally, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies are starting to better define these cerebral inputs, as well as neuroplastic adaptations that may be needed for optimal feeding development. SUMMARY: The neural development of swallowing is a complex and dynamic process. Continued research is needed to better understand influences on swallowing neural development, which can be essential for improving prevention, diagnosis, and interventions for pediatric dysphagia.
Entities:
Keywords:
neurodevelopment; neurophysiology; neurophysiology of swallowing; pediatric dysphagia; swallowing; swallowing development
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